AP World History Final Flashcards

12056530589	early inhabitants of the greek peninsula primarily built their societies under the influence of what 3 previous societies?	the mesopotamians, egyptians, & phoenicians	0
12056530590	which of the 2 societies was established earliest in the greek region, minoan or mycenaean?	minoan	1
12056530591	who was the sophisticated society that arose on the island of crete named after?	the minoan society (after king minos)	2
12056530592	where was the most notable and enormous palace on the island of crete located?	knossos	3
12056530593	the script that used written symbols for syllables rather than words, ideas, vowels, and consonants referred to as?	linear a	4
12056530594	cretan administrators use the script for economic and _______ matters	commercial	5
12056530595	linguists have had no problem deciphering this script (true or false)	false	6
12062897330	what island was considered to be a principle center of mediterranean commerce between 2200 and 1450 b.c.e. because of its geographic location in the east-central mediterranean?	crete	7
12062897331	what were the 3 natural catastrophes that plagued the minoan society?	earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, & tidal waves	8
12062897332	minoans embarked on a new round of palace building that included what 3 things?	indoor plumbing, drainage systems, & flush toilets	9
12062897333	what 3 minoan traditions deeply influenced the inhabitants of nearby greece?	maritime trade, writing, & construction	10
12062897334	what was the most important settlement built by the indo-europeans called?	mycenae	11
12062897335	the mycenaeans devised a syllabic script that was an early form of greek. what was it?	linear b	12
12062897336	what is the southern point of the greek peninsula called?	peloponnesus	13
12063239399	what are the 3 major settlements that the mycenaeans established?	anatolia, sicily, & southern italy	14
12063239400	in 1200 b.c.e. the mycenaeans engaged in a conflict what what city in anatolia?	troy	15
12063239401	who wrote the 2 literary masterpieces, the iliad and the odyssey?	homer	16
12063239402	mycenaean palaces eventually fell into ruin, the population sharply declined, and people abandoned most settlements. what were the 3 major areas that the greek inhabitants fled to?	aegean sea, anatolia, & cyprus	17
12066064652	the polis was the most important institution in greece. what was it also known as?	the city-state	18
12066064653	the term polis originally referred to a fortified state or a _________	citadel	19
12066064654	what is the plural form of the term polis?	poleis	20
12066064655	some of these city-states developed as small monarchies, but most were under the collective rule of local notables who ruled as what?	obligarchs	21
12066064656	some city states fell into the hands of generals or ambitious politicians. what were they called by the greeks?	tyrants	22
12066064657	the 2 most important city states in greece were athens and _________	sparta	23
12066064658	as spartans progressively extended control over the peloponnesus, they reduced neighboring peoples to the status of what?	helots	24
12066064659	the definition "living simple without excess or luxury" refers to...	austerity	25
12066064660	distinction among spartans did not come by wealth or social status. what 3 things did it come from?	prowess, discipline, & military status	26
12066064661	by what age did all spartan boys go to live in military barracks and start rigorous training	7	27
12066064662	since only free adult males played a role in public affairs, 3 main groups were left voiceless. who were they?	foreigners, slaves, & women	28
12066064663	maritime trade brought prosperity to the region around athens called what?	attica	29
12066064664	as many poleis faced civil wars between aristocrats and less privileged, which aristocrat served as a mediator between the classes?	solon	30
12084048574	what 3 things did this aristocrat (solon) give to the less privileged?	cancelled debts, forbade debt slavery, & liberated those already enslaved for debt	31
12084048575	the most popular athenian leader at the time once boasted that athens was "the education of greece." what was his name?	pericles	32
12084048576	who had a face that could launch 1,000 ships?	helen of troy	33
12084048577	who shot an arrow through achilles' heel?	paris	34
12084048578	who was the main character in homer's second literature masterpiece?	odysseus	35
12084048579	during the 5th century bce, greece's colonies abroad brought the poleis of the greek peninsula into direct conflict with which empire?	the persian empire	36
12084048580	2 persian empires tightened their grip on the area known as anatolia. their names were cyrus and __________	darius I	37
12092965001	in 490 bce he sent an army and a fleet of ships to attack athens. the athenians, despite being greatly outnumbered, routed the persian army during the battle of ___________	marathon	38
12092965002	10 years later his successor decided to avenge the persian losses. what was his name?	xerxes	39
12092965003	spartan troops famously delayed the persian army at what location?	thermopylae	40
12092965004	finally, a greek fleet led by athenians crushed the persians during the battle of ___________	salamis	41
12092965005	2 factors about greece that made persian rulers unwilling to invest resources into a full-scale war with them were greece being too small and ________	distant	42
12092965006	after the persian wars, the poleis created an alliance to discourage further persian actions in greece. what was it called?	the delian league	43
12092965007	why did athens become the leader of this alliance?	because of its superior fleet	44
12092965008	if athens effectively supplied the league's military force, then the other poleis primarily contributed its _________ support	military	45
12092965009	during the era of pericles' leadership, the contributions made by all the other poleis financed much of the athenian _______	bureaucracy	46
12092965010	other poleis resented having to make contributions to the delian league in the absence of a continuing persian threat because the contributions seemed to benefit only _________	athens	47
12092965011	tensions between the poleis resulted in a bitter civil conflict called the _____________ war	peloponnesian	48
12092965012	both in peninsular greece and throughout the larger greek world, poleis divided into 2 armed camps under the leadership of athens and ________	sparta	49
12092965013	during the decades following athenian surrender, hegemony in the greek world passed to 3 main poleis. what were they?	sparta, thebes, & corinth	50
12092965014	who was the loyal native of athens who wrote a detailed history of this civil war?	thucydides	51
12092965015	athens gained notoriety as having 3 kinds of power. what were they?	arrogant, insensitive, & imperialist	52
12092965016	according to this historian, athenians bullied smaller communities during the conflict. as a result, athens lost its reputation as the moral and ___________ leader of the greek people	intellectual	53
12092965017	the kingdom of macedon was a frontier state located ________ of peninsular greece	north	54
12092965018	Although macedonians recognized a king, political affairs where mostly controlled by semiautonomous _______	clans	55
12092965019	what ultimately brought change to macedon was its proximity to greece's _________ poleis	wealthy	56
12092965020	under kind phillip's ___year reign, macedon underwent a thorough transformation	23	57
12092965021	king philip built a powerful _________ that enabled him to overcome the traditional clans and make himself the ruler for macedon	military	58
12092965022	king phillips military force featured an infantry composed of small ________	landowners	59
12092965023	king philip's calvary was staffed by aristocrats holding large _______	estates	60
12092965024	after philip consolidated his hold on macedon, he turned his attention to the other nearby poleis and the ______ empire	persian	61
12093064034	because the peloponnesian war poisoned the atmosphere, the poleis could not agree to form an alliance against philip. as a result, philip ultimately brought who under his control	greece	62
12093064035	king philip intended to use his initial conquests to invade persia, but could not carry out his plans because he was assassinated by his _________	bodyguard	63
12093064036	the invasion of persia thus fell to his young son, alexander of macedon. the name that he was most famously known by, however, was alexander the _______	great	64
12093064037	alexander succeeded philip as ruler of an expanding empire at the age of _______	20	65
12093064038	upon succeeding philip, alexander soon began to assemble an army of how many men?	48,000	66
12093064039	by 330 bce alexander eatables himself as the new emperor of ______	persia	67
12093064040	by 327 bce alexander took his army into india. he probably would have continued to campaign through india except his ________ refuses to proceed any farther from home	troops	68
12093064041	in june of 323 bce after an extended round of feasting and drinking. alexander fell ill and died. how old was he?	33	69
12093064042	while alive, alexander established about 70 cities in his own honor. what did he call them?	alexandria	70
12093064043	so long as he lived, he relied on established institutions to administer the lands he conquered. one example of such an institution was a provincial governor in the ancient persian empire. these were called ________	satrapies	71