AP World History Medieval Europe and Japan Flashcards

8767822224	Taika Reforms	a set of doctrines created by Emperor Kotoku that brought greater centralization and land reform to Japan; attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolute Chinese style emperor	0
8767822225	Samurai	a warrior belonging to a special caste in medieval Japan; the military nobility and officer cast	1
8767822226	Bushido	the code of honor and morals developed by the Japanese samurai; stressed courage, loyalty, self-discipline, and simple living	2
8767822227	Yoritomo	the founder of the shogunate system; first shogunate of the Kamakura province of Japan	3
8767822228	Shogun	a hereditary military dictator in Japan; established in the place of an emperor; fractioned imperial rule; they were the effective leaders during this period	4
8767822229	Shogunate System	the last feudal Japanese military government; The office or rule of a shogun or government controlled by shoguns; controlled by shoguns	5
8767822230	Daimyo	Japanese warlord and great landowners, who's armed samurai gave them control of the Japanese islands; one of the great lords who were vassals of the shogun	6
8767822231	Bakufu	the dwelling or household of a shogun; retained the emperor, but real power resided and military and samurai	7
8767822232	Shinto	A religion based in Japan, marked by warship of nature and reverence for ancestors; the worship of ancestors and natural spirits; a belief in sacred power and both animate and in-animate things	8
8767822233	Monasticism	religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work; used mainly in Christian and Catholic religions	9
8767822234	Guilds	a medieval association of craftsmen or merchants who worked in a particular trade and banded together to promote their economic and political interest	10
8767822235	Magna Carta	a charter that limited the power of the king in England; signed by King John of England	11
8767822236	Holy Roman Empire	A multi-ethnic complex of territories in central Europe; Loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by the princes	12
8767822237	Scholasticism	the system of theology and philosophy taught in medieval European universities, based on Aristotelian logic and the writings of the early Church Fathers and having a strong emphasis on tradition and dogma	13
8767822238	Capetian Dynasty	a dynasty of Frankish origin, founded by Hugh Capet; French dynasty; among the largest and oldest European royal houses, consisting of Hugh Capet's male-line descendants	14
8767822239	Vassal	A sworn supporter of the king or lord committed to rendering specified military service to backing of the Lord in medieval Europe; a person regarded to have a mutual obligation to a Lord or monarch; a holder of land by feudal agreement on conditions of homage and allegiance	15
8767822240	Fief	Land granted in return for a sworn oath to provide specified military service in mid evil Europe; a source of income granted to a person by his lord in exchange for his service; an estate of land, especially one held on condition of feudal service	16
8767822241	Manor	A large, self sufficient land holding consisting of the lord's residence, out buildings, peasant village, and surrounding land in medieval Europe; large farm estates of the middle ages that were owned by nobles who ruled over the peasants living in the land	17
8767822242	Serf	an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate	18
8767822243	Chivalry	a code of conduct associated with the medieval institution of knighthood; The medieval Knightley system with its religious, moral, and social code	19
8768244368	Heresy	The crime of holding a believe that goes against establish doctrine; belief or opinion contrary to Orthodox religious doctrine	20
8767822244	Romanesque	an architectural style of medieval Europe characterized by semi-circular arches, domes, thick walls, and small windows	21
8767822245	Gothic	the style of architecture prevalent in western Europe in the 12th-16th centuries, characterized by pointed arches, rib vaults, and flying buttresses, together with large windows and elaborate tracery	22
8768244369	Capitalism	Economic and political system in which a countries trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state	23
8767822247	Charlemagne	King of the Franks who united a large part of Europe during the early Middle Ages and laid the foundations for modern France, Germany and the Low Countries; United much of Europe during the Middle Ages	24
8768244370	Dominicans	Founded by Saint Dominic; an order of monks on confide to a monastery that were dedicated to combating heresies	25
8768244371	Franciscans	Founded by Saint Francis of Assisis; order of unconfined monks; based on complete poverty	26
8768244372	Zen Buddhism	a Japanese school of Mahayana Buddhism emphasizing the value of meditation and intuition; teaches that enlightenment is achieved through the profound realization that one is already an lightened being	27
8768244373	St. Benedict	Italian that established Benedictine rule that is still used today as the basis for western European monastic life; patron saint of Europe	28
8768244374	Common Law	The system of law originating in England, as distinct from the civil or Roman law; ancient law of England based upon societal customs and recognized and enforced by the judgments and decrees of the court	29
8768244375	Aristocracy	A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility; A form of government that places power in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class; the highest class in certain societies, especially those holding hereditary titles or offices	30