Biochemistry Flashcards

11647192422	matter	anything that has mass and occupies space	0
11647195373	mass	a measure of how much matter is in an object	1
11647197330	atom	smallest amount of an element that can exist and still remain its chemical identity	2
11647209406	proton	positively charged; 1 amu; found in the nucleus	3
11647223082	neutron	uncharged; 1 amu; found in the nucleus	4
11647230286	electron	negatively charged; 0 amu; orbits the nucleus	5
11647240366	nucleus	dense, inner portion of the atom consisting of protons and neutrons	6
11647263718	atomic number	the # of protons present in the nucleus (an element is defined according to this)	7
11647277418	atomic mass (mass number)	number equal to the number of protons plus neutrons present in the nucleus	8
11647359689	element	any of the basic substances found in nature designated by the particular type of atoms in its make-up	9
11647394872	isotope	different forms of the same element; atoms with the same # of protons but different numbers of neutrons	10
11647443127	HCONSP	in living things the most common elements are...	11
11647509041	compound	two or more atoms chemically joined in definite proportions. compounds have unique physical and chemical properties which may be different from any of the element that form them.	12
11647583557	to form molecules	atoms combine in definite ratios __ ____ _________. be able to analyze molecular formulas to determine the numbers and kinds of atoms present in a given compound	13
11647783355	chemical bond	attractive force that holds two or more atoms together	14
11647792469	ionic bond	bond formed from the attraction between positive and negative ions	15
11647800472	ion	an atom which has lost or gained electrons, and thus has a positive or negative electrical charge	16
11647830416	covalent bond	bond formed between atoms which share electrons	17
11648015233	stability; orbital shell; covalent bonding	for molecular "_________," atoms tend to have a definite number of electrons in the outermost _______ _____. ________ _______ allows for atoms to achieve this stable number of electrons	18
11648045796	van der Waals forces	attractive force between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules	19
11648074678	polar molecules	have an uneven distribution of electrons and has slightly positive and negative ends	20
11648101117	polar nature	because of the ______ ______ of the molecule, water will form strong attractions to other polar molecules	21
11648104112	molecular adhesion	attractive forces resulting from hydrogen bonding between molecules of different substances	22
11648111703	molecular cohesion	attractive forces resulting from hydrogen bonding between molecules of the same substance	23
11648123394	high specific heat	water has a ____ ________ ____, meaning it can absorb and store relatively large amounts of energy	24
11648129576	not as dense	unlike other fluids, water is ___ __ _____ when it freezes	25
11775061341	mixture	a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined	26
11775075910	solution	a mixture in which one substance is dissolved within another	27
11775091402	solute	substance which is dissolved	28
11775104921	solvent	substance that dissolves other substances	29
11775122375	water	what is the prime solvent because of its polar nature?	30
11775145674	concentration	relative amount of solute vs. solvent (usually expressed quantitatively in percent or in molarity)	31
11775169019	suspension	mixture in which the particles of one substance are suspended within another	32
11775190547	acid	substance which tends to release hydrogen ions in solution	33
11775208878	base	substance which tends to release hydroxide ions in solution	34
11775280198	pH	measure of the relative acidity of a solution. it measure the negative log of hydrogen ion concentration in solution.	35
11775381154	0 to 14	the pH scale ranges from _ __ __ with the lowest numbers representing the most acidic measurements and the higher numbers representing the most basic	36
11775485650	organic	composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen	37
11778768157	monomers;polymers	organic molecules may form simple ________ or many of those may join together to form ________	38
11804446321	structure of carbohydrates	contains C, H, and O in the approximate ratio of Cx H2 Ox	39
11804455621	function of carbohydrates	main source of energy for living systems; also used as a structural molecule	40
11804464498	examples of carbohydrates	monosaccharides such as glucose disaccharides such as sucrose polysaccharides such as starch, cellulose	41
11804489549	structure of lipids	composed of glycerol and fatty acids	42
11804492622	not	lipids are ___ soluble in water	43
11804498900	stored form of energy; membranes	lipids are used as ______ ____ __ ______, and in the formation of _________ for waterproofing	44
11804510780	examples of lipids	fats, oils, waxes, steroids	45
11804513987	structure of proteins	relatively large molecules composed of long chains (polymers) of amino acids	46
11804523556	major units	proteins function as the _____ _____ of structure within living things	47
11804529793	enzymes	special proteins called _______ control chemical reactions within living things	48
11804533452	structure of nucleic acids	large molecules made of repeating polymers of nucleotides	49
11804542299	nucleotide	one 5 carbon sugar, one phosphate molecule, and one nitrogenous base	50
11804550441	function of nucleic acids	store and transmit genetic information	51
11804553679	DNA and RNA	examples of nucleic acids	52
11804563318	chemical reaction	process by which chemical bonds are formed or broken	53
11804569740	reactants	starting materials	54
11804572294	products	ending materials	55
11804575961	exergonic reaction	a chemical reaction in which energy is released	56
11804578898	endergonic reaction	a chemical reaction in which energy is stored	57
11804583760	activation energy	the energy which is required to initiate a chemical reaction	58
11804589214	catalyst	substance which controls the rate of chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur	59
11804598542	are not used up	catalyst ___ ___ ____ __ during the reaction	60
11804609718	used by living things	enzymes are catalysts ____ __ ______ ______	61
11804612343	substrate	the substance which interacts with the enzyme	62