AP Flashcards

10942018207	immunity	Resistance to disease	0
11056464450	non-specific defense system	responds immediately to protect the body from all foreign substances	1
11056468631	specific (adaptive) defenses	employ activated lymphocytes to mount the immune response to specific threats	2
11056471718	Pathogens	disease causing agents	3
11056474467	First line of defense	intact skin, mucous membranes and their secretions, normal microbiota	4
11056479347	Second line of defense (innate immunity)	-phagocytes, such as neutrophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells, and macrophages -inflammation -fever -antimicrobial substances	5
11056481423	third line of defense (specific)	Production of specific antibodies or cell-mediated immunity	6
11056483772	Macrophages	Found within the lymph nodes, they are phagocytes that destroy bacteria, cancer cells, and other foreign matter in the lymphatic stream.	7
11056486459	Monocytes	An agranular leukocyte that is able to migrate into tissues and transform into a macrophage.	8
11056487891	neutrophils	A type of white blood cell that engulfs invading microbes and contributes to the nonspecific defenses of the body against disease.	9
11056491010	Opsonization	An immune response in which the binding of antibodies to the surface of a microbe facilitates phagocytosis of the the microbe by a macrophage	10
11056491011	natural killer cells (NK cells)	pursue diseased cells (such as those infected by viruses or cancer)	11
11056499216	inflammation	a localized response to an injury or to the destruction of tissues	12
11056501670	Complement	enhances (complements) the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promotes inflammation, and attacks the pathogen's cell membrane.	13
11056506524	Antimicrobial proteins	Proteins that inhibit microbial reproduction and provide short-term, nonspecific resistance to pathogenic bacteria and viruses	14
11056509649	Interferons	Antiviral proteins secreted by T cells	15
11056511441	Lysozyme	an enzyme found in saliva and sweat and tears that destroys the cell walls of certain bacteria	16
11056512777	Fever	elevated body temperature	17
11056515402	Humoral immunity or antibody-mediated immunity	B cells provide a defense against antigens and pathogens in body fluids	18
11056516344	Cellular or cell-mediated immunity	T- cells do the killing of the cells	19
11056518153	Antigens	foreign substances that trigger the attack of antibodies in the immune response.	20
11056518154	Antigenic determinant	the specific area of an antigen that binds with an antibody combining site and determines the specificity of the antigen-antibody reaction	21
11056520554	T lymphocytes	form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances	22
11056520555	B lymphocytes (B cells)	Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and secretes antibodies.	23
11056523869	clone	member of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell	24
11056525527	Clonal selection	The process by which an antigen selectively binds to and activates only those lymphocytes bearing receptors specific for the antigen. The selected lymphocytes proliferate and differentiate into a clone of effector cells and a clone of memory cells specific for the stimulating antigen.	25
11056528742	Immuglobin	- Antibodies - part of specific immune system - Binds to pathogens (can be bad e.g. virus)	26
11056531293	antigen binding site	The site on an immunoglobulin or T-cell receptor molecule that binds specific antigen.	27
11056533364	antibody classes (isotypes)	isotypes	28
11056538665	Antigen-antibody complexes	immobilize the antigens until certain immune cells can break them down	29
11056541976	neutralization	antibody (NAb) is an antibody that defends a cell from an antigen or infectious body by neutralizing any effect it has biologically. An example of a neutralizing antibody is diphtheria antitoxin, which can neutralize the biological effects of diphtheria toxin.	30
11056550626	Agglutination	Clumping of microorganisms or blood cells, typically due to an antigen-antibody interaction.	31
11056552550	Precipitation	sweating	32
11056555776	Complement fixation and activation	Main antibody defense against cellular antigens, several antibodies bind close together on a cellular antigen, their complement-binding sites trigger complement fixation into the cell's surface, complement triggers cell lysis, activated complement functions, amplifies the inflammatory response, opsonization, and enlists more and more defensive elements.	33
11056557681	Cell mediated immune response	The branch of acquired immunity that involves the activation of cytotoxic T cells, which defend against infected cells.	34
11056560082	Helper T cells	T cells that help the immune system by increasing the activity of killer cells and stimulating the suppressor T cells	35
11056560083	Cytotoxic T cells	A type of lymphocyte that kills infected body cells and cancer cells	36
11056562772	Regulatory T cells	control the T-cell response	37