AP World History Period 4 Flashcards

12719587603	absolutism	concept of government developed during rise of nation-states in western Europe during the 17th century; featured monarchs who passed laws without parliament's, appointed professionalized armies and bureaucracies, established state churches, imposed state economic policies - eg. Louis XIV of France	0
12719587610	Columbian Exchange	global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas	1
12719587617	tsar, czar	Russian emperor (from the Roman title Caesar)	2
12719587628	Creoles	in Spanish colonial society, colonists who were born in Latin America to Spanish parents	3
12719587629	mestizo	mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry	4
12719587630	mulattoes	mixed Spanish and African ancestry	5
12719587637	Protestant	a member of the Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation	6
12719587642	Hernan Cortes	Spanish conquistador who led an expedition into the Aztec Empire and later caused the fall of the empire	7
12719587643	Francisco Pizarro	Spanish conquistador in South America who conquered the Incan Empire	8
12719587646	Akbar	Ruler of the Mughals known for having a liberal outlook on all faiths and beliefs. He expanded the empire.	9
12719587655	Tokugawa Ieyasu	last of the three great unifiers of Japan and founder of the Tokugawa shogunate, which lasted until the mid-19th century. Presided over the beginning of Japanese isolationism	10
12719587656	Shah Ismail I	founder of the Safavid dynasty, Persia, modern-day Iran.	11
12719587657	Aurangzeb	Mughal emperor. He expanded the empire, but abandoned the policies of religious toleration set in place by his predecessors	12
12719587660	Scientific Revolution	a series of events that led to the birth of modern science; it lasted from about 1540 to 1700. Renaissance -> Scientific Revolution -> Enlightenment.	13
12719587668	Prince Henry the Navigator	the first in a series of European royalty to sponsor seafaring expeditions, searching for an all-water route to the east as well as for African gold	14
12719587674	Ming Dynasty	1368-1644, Dynasty who sent Zheng He on a series of naval voyages. Built the majority of the parts of the Great Wall that still exists.	15
12719587675	Zheng He	• Chinese admiral and diplomat during Ming dynasty • explored as far as Africa • traded & collected tribute	16
12719587676	Qing Dynasty	AKA Manchus (ethnic group). TAfricanhe last imperial dynasty of China (from 1644 to 1912) which was overthrown by revolutionaries	17
12719587680	Tokugawa Period	1603-1867 period of rule during which the Tokugawa family held power as Shoguns. Pax Tokugawa. Generally isolationist, but traded with the Portuguese, who brought the first guns to Japan.	18
12719587681	Songhay Empire	1464-1591. Became the dominate kingdom in West Africa after Mail collapsed around 1500; this empire controlled Timbuktu. Islamic.	19