replication Flashcards
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| 7627204019 | origin of replication | a particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated | 0 | |
| 7627217360 | replication fork | 1st step in replication is the separation of the two DNA strands that make up the helix. DNA Helicase untwists the helix at locations called origins of replication. The origin forms a Y shape, and is called a __________. |  | 1 |
| 7627217551 | replication bubble | an unwound and open region of a DNA helix where DNA replication occurs | 2 | |
| 7627327553 | helicase | separate double-stranded DNA into single strands allowing each strand to be copied; unzips dna | 3 | |
| 7627336853 | gyrase (topoisomorase) | relieves strain while double-stranded DNA is being unwound by helicase. This causes negative supercoiling of the DNA | 4 | |
| 7627373283 | single-stranded binding protein | prevent ssDNA from re-forming a double helix; speeds up replication | 5 | |
| 7627403489 | primase (RNA polymerase) | functions by synthesizing short RNA sequences that are complementary to a single-stranded piece of DNA; primer for dna polymerase | 6 | |
| 7627416789 | primer | a short strand of RNA or DNA (generally about 18-22 bases) that serves as a starting point for DNA synthesis | 7 | |
| 7627422662 | deoxynucleoside triphosphate | essential building blocks of nucleic acid molecules, and as such are necessary components of PCR mixes as no new (amplified) DNA could be generated without them | 8 | |
| 7627422706 | template strand | noncoding strand of a DNA molecule that is used as a template for RNA synthesis. | 9 | |
| 7627424858 | leading strand | Strand of DNA being replicated continuously. In DNA replication, the strand that is made in the 5' to 3' direction | 10 | |
| 7627424859 | lagging strand | requires a slight delay before undergoing replication, and it must undergo replication discontinuously in small (okazaki) fragments | 11 | |
| 7627427628 | 5 to 3 direction | indicate the carbon numbers in the DNA's sugar backbone. The 5' carbon has a phosphate group attached to it and the 3' carbon a hydroxyl (-OH) group | 12 | |
| 7627429874 | dna polymerase III | enzyme primarily responsible for replicative DNA synthesis in E. coli | 13 | |
| 7627432316 | dna polymerase I | removes the RNA primer and fills in the nucleotides which are necessary for the formation of the DNA in the direction- 5' to 3'. It also helps in proof reading to see if there is any mistake done while replication and while matching base pairs | 14 | |
| 7627434735 | okazaki fragments | short, newly synthesized DNA fragments that are formed on the lagging template strand during DNA replication. They are complementary to the lagging template strand, together forming short double-stranded DNA sections. | 15 | |
| 7627434736 | ligase | seals repairs in the DNA, it seals recombination fragments, and it connects Okazaki fragments | 16 | |
| 7627440284 | nucleotide excision repair | mechanism that removes DNA damage induced by ultraviolet light | 17 | |
| 7627443456 | telomere (telomerase) | protect the ends of chromosomes. They prevent one chromosome from binding to another (DNA is sticky). They also don't have any genetic information; a ribonucleoprotein that adds a species-dependent telomere repeat sequence to the 3' end of telomeres | 18 |