Cerebral cortex Flashcards

13646287322	Layers of cerebral cortex	Neocortex, paleocortex, archicortex	0
13646289569	Neocortex	6-layer structure that appeared late in vertebrate evolution, layers not equally prominent everywhere	1
13646291869	Superficial layer of neocortex	Molecular layer (doesn't have a lot of cells)	2
13646294427	Deepest layer of neocortex	Polymorphic layer	3
13646299921	Paleocortex	develops with olfactory system, interconnected with limbic structures	4
13646301996	Archicortex	consists of hippocampus	5
13646304163	Betz cells	largest neurons of CNS (most in motor cortex)	6
13646306252	Pyramidal cells	most numerous neurons of neocortex	7
13646309025	Nonpyramidal cells	cells with short axons, remain within cortex (primarily interneurons)	8
13646317517	Association fibers	connect fibers within the same hemisphere	9
13646348359	Commisural fibers	connects the two hemispheres	10
13646354517	Association fiber fasciculus	superior longitudinal superior occipitofrontal inferior occipitofrontal cingulum	11
13646380782	superior longitudinal fasciculus	arc above the insula between the frontal lobe and posterior portions of the hemisphere where it fans out among the parietal, occipital and temporal lobes	12
13646384223	superior occipitofrontal fasciculus	runs between the frontal lobe and superior parts of the parietal and occipital lobes (narrow fiber bundle)	13
13646388488	inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus	passes below insula between the frontal and occipital lobes, traversing the temporal lobes	14
13646396311	cingulum	courses within the cingulate gyrus and continues around within hippocampus	15
13646400718	Area 4	primary motor area (precentral gyrus)	16
13646402221	Primary motor area	precentral gyrus	17
13646403183	Area 6	premotor area, supplementary motor area (superior and middle frontal gyrus)	18
13646407950	premotor area, supplementary motor area	superior and middle frontal gyrus	19
13646410338	area 44	Motor association area, Broca's area (inferior frontal gyrus)	20
13646414299	Motor association area, Broca's area	inferior frontal gyrus	21
13646415558	areas 3,2,1	primary somatosensory area (postcentral gyrus)	22
13646423298	primary somatosensory area	postcentral gyrus	23
13646423299	area 17	primary visual area (banks of calcarine fissure)	24
13646427118	primary visual area	banks of calcarine fissure	25
13646437695	area 41	primary auditory area (posterior superior temporal gyrus, Heschl's gyrus)	26
13646440538	primary auditory area	posterior superior temporal gyrus, Heschl's gyrus	27
13646442490	area 22	Auditory association area, Wernicke's area (anterior and middle superior temporal gyrus)	28
13646447893	Auditory association area, Wernicke's area	anterior and middle superior temporal gyrus	29
13646455604	unimodal association areas	adjacent to primary area devoted to the activity of the primary area	30
13646464161	multimodal association areas	high level intellectual functioning	31
13646473583	larger in LH than in RH	planum temporale	32
13646481890	dominant hemisphere for language	left hemisphere	33
13646488327	perisylvian language zone	surrounds lateral or Sylvian fissure, includes Broca's area	34
13646502993	Aphasia	difficulty using language, problems accessing set of symbols that humans use to represent concepts	35
13646509451	nonfluent aphasia	Broca's aphasia	36
13646510770	Broca's aphasia	produce few words, either written or spoken. Words produced with difficulty	37
13646515868	Wernicke's aphasia	can produce spoken and written words but sequences or words are impaired in their linguistic content. Difficulty comprehending language	38
13646519137	Paraphasia	substitutions of one letter or word for another	39
13646521732	Neologisms	insertion of new and meaningless word	40
13646523203	Jargon	stringing together of words and phrases in an order that conveys little or no meaning	41
13646527716	Destruction of Broca's area	deprive motor cortex of the instructions needed to generate language, muscles involved would be normal in other activities, comprehension of language would be relatively unaffected	42
13646534273	fluent aphasia	Wernicke's aphasia	43
13646537640	Destruction of Wernicke's area	words would be produced without regard for their meaning	44
13646550600	damage to superior longitudinal fasciculus	Leaves Broca's area unchecked and result in another form of fluent aphasia	45
13646553651	conduction aphasia	similar in speaking to Wernicke's, have relatively intact comprehension	46
13646556222	transcortical aphasia	caused by damage outside the perisylvanian language zone	47
13646560803	Prosody	rhythmic aspects of speech	48
13646563677	agnosia	inability to recognize identity or some other property of objects when using a given sense, even though the sense is intact	49
13646567768	RH function	prosody, solves problems in more holistic manner	50
13646571453	corpus callosum	interconnects hemispheres. largest fiber bundle in the brain	51