Neurotransmitters (AP Psychology) Flashcards

13523549680	acetylcholine (ACh)	Released by motor neurons controlling skeletal muscles. It Contributes to the regulation of attention, arousal, and memory. Some of its receptors are stimulated by nicotine Deficiency - Alzheimer's Curare poisoning paralyzes its victims by blocking ACh receptors involved in muscle movement	0
13523549681	dopamine (DA)	Voluntary movement -Alertness - Attention -Rewards -Emotion Excess - Schizophrenia Deficiency - Parkinson's Disease	1
13523549682	norepinephrine (NE)	-"Fight or flight" response: elevates heart rate, circulation, respiration; slows digestion -Controls alertness, arousal -Mood elevation Deficiency - Depression, ADHD Excess - Anxiety, High blood pressure	2
13523549683	serotonin	-Mood regulation -Hunger/Appetite --Arousal Deficiency - Depression Excess - Anxiety, OCD, Insomnia, eating disorders	3
13523549684	GABA	Brain's main inhibitory neurotransmitter Deficiency - Seizures, Insomnia	4
13523549685	glutamate	Brain's main (agonist) excitatory neurotransmitter -Creates links between neurons that form basis of learning, long-term memory. Excess - Multiple sclerosis Excess - Seizures & Migraines (Avoid foods with MSG - monosodium glutamate; overstimulate brain)	5
13523549692	endorphins	-Pain control & relief - Stress reduction -Feelings of pleasure -Natural opiates Deficiency - Addiction Potentially involved in addiction Morphine is an agonist for endorphins	6
13523549686	acetylcholine	Neurotransmitter associated with Alzheimer's	7
13523549687	dopamine	excess = Schizophrenia	8
13523554904	dopamine	deficiency = tremors and Parkinson's - loss of motor control	9
13523549688	serotonin	Deficiency - Depression (Treated with SSRI's - selective ______________ reuptake inhibitors; prevent NT from being reabsorbed in uptake, leaving more in synapses)	10
13523621313	serotonin	Excess - Anxiety, OCD, Insomnia, eating disorders	11
13523549689	norepinephrine (noradrenaline)	deficiency can depress mood and affect ADHD	12
13523704886	norepinephrine (noradrenaline)	Excess - Anxiety, High blood pressure	13
13523549690	GABA	deficiency = Seizures, tremors, insomnia	14
13523549691	glutamate	excess can overstimulate brain, migraines or seizures, and impact multiple sclerosis	15
13523549693	endorphins	deficiency - Addiction Potentially involved in addiction	16
13523549694	endorphins	excess can lead to insensitivity to pain/little pain	17
13523715633	agonist	A chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter.	18
13523718057	antagonist	A chemical that opposes the action of a neurotransmitter	19
13523721883	excitatory neurotransmitters	chemicals released from the terminal buttons of a neuron that excite the next neuron into firing, cause depolarization	20
13523732777	inhibitory neurotransmitters	inhibit the next cell from firing	21
13523737052	presynaptic neuron	the neuron that sends a signal across the synaptic cleft	22
13523745340	postsynaptic neuron	the neuron on the receiving end of the synapse	23
13523758890	action potential	a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon - all-or-none law (fires or doesn't fire and always same strength)	24
13523761252	post-synaptic potential	a voltage change at a receptor site on a postsynaptic cell membrane - graded (an equation between excitatory and inhibitory PSPs)	25
13523795534	all-or-none law	principle that the action potential in a neuron does not vary in strength; the neuron either fires at full strength or it does not fire at all	26
13523798983	resting potential	The difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a neuron's cell membrane, -70mv	27
13523805693	sodium-potassium pump	a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell (causing an action potential)	28