AP Language & Composition Vocab Flashcards

10614069293	Alliteration	The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables.	0
10614072930	Allusion	An indirect reference, often to another text or an historic event.	1
10614074488	Analogy	An extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things.	2
10614074489	Anaphora	The repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses.	3
10614074490	Anecdote	A short account of an interesting event.	4
10614081911	Annotation	Explanatory or critical notes added to a text.	5
10614081912	Antecedent	The noun to which a later pronoun refers.	6
10614083734	Antimetabole	The repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast.	7
10614088812	Anithesis	Parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas.	8
10614091464	Aphorism	A short, astute statement of a general truth.	9
10614091465	Appositive	A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun.	10
10614093743	Archaic Diction	The use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language.	11
10614105645	Arguement	A statement put forth and supported by evidence.	12
10614108069	Aristotelian triangle	A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience.	13
10614112583	Assertion	An emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument.	14
10614112584	Assumption	A belief or statement taken for granted without proof.	15
10614115043	Asyndeton	Leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses.	16
10614115044	Attitude	The speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone.	17
10614116572	Audience	One's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed.	18
10614116573	Authority	A reliable, respected source—someone with knowledge.	19
10614118559	Bias	Prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue.	20
10614118560	Cite	Identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source.	21
10614131248	Claim	An assertion, usually supported by evidence.	22
10614140818	Close Reading	A careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text.	23
10614143729	Colloquial/ism	An informal or conversational use of language.	24
10614144991	Common ground	Shared beliefs, values, or positions.	25
10614144992	Complex sentence	A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause	26
10614148239	Concession	A reluctant acknowledgment or yielding.	27
10614150658	Connotation	That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning	28
10614152221	Context	Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning.	29
10614152222	Coordination	Grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but.	30
10614160190	Counterargument	A challenge to a position; an opposing argument	31
10614161062	Declarative Sentence	a sentence that makes a statement	32
10614162874	Deduction	reasoning from general to specific	33
10614164359	Denotation	the literal meaning of a word	34
10614165492	Diction	word choice	35
10614167343	Documentation	Bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing.	36
10614168385	Elegiac	Mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone.	37
10614169260	Epigram	A brief witty statement.	38
10614170468	Ethos	A Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals	39
10614172982	Figurate Language	the use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect	40
10614175512	Figure of Speech	An expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning.	41
10614177324	Hyperbole	exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis	42
10614178690	Imagery	Vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing).	43
10614180286	Imperative Sentence	A sentence that requests or commands.	44
10614183581	Induction	reasoning from specific to general	45
10614185437	Inversion	A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject.	46
10614187196	Irony	A contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result.	47
10614189077	Juxtaposition	placement of two things side by side for emphasis	48
10614192795	Logos	A Greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals	49
10614195189	Metaphor	A figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison.	50
10614197171	Metonymy	Use of an aspect of something to represent the whole.	51
10614198474	Oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.	52
10614199588	Paradox	A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.	53
10614201213	Parallelism	The repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns.	54
10614203289	Parody	A piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule.	55
10614204828	Pathos	A Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals	56
10614206451	Persona	the speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing	57
10614207621	Personification	Assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects.	58
10614208940	Polemic	An argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion	59
10614210301	Polysyndeton	Deliberate use of many conjunctions	60
10614211404	Premise	Two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise. Ex: Major- all mammals are warm blooded, Minor- all horses are warm blooded. Conclusion : all horses are warm blooded	61
10614219747	Propaganda	A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information.	62
10614220700	Purpose	One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing.	63
10614220701	Refute	to prove incorrect	64
10614221892	Rhetoric	effective writing or speaking	65
10614223104	Rhetorical Models	Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, etc.	66
10614228350	Rhetorical Question	A question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer.	67
10614232133	Rhetorical Triangle	a diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience	68
10614233636	Satire	An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it.	69
10614236772	Sentence Patterns	The arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions—such as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex.	70
10614238225	Sentence Variety	Using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect.	71
10614238226	Simile	comparing two things using like or as	72
10614239598	Source	A book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information.	73
10614240989	Speaker	A term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing	74
10614242984	Straw Man	A logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then attacking an opponent's position.	75
10614244019	Style	The distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech.	76
10614245066	Subject	In rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing.	77
10614247974	Subordinate Clause	A clause that modifies an independent clause, created by a subordinating conjunction.	78
10614249015	Subordination	The dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence.	79
10614252705	Syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.	80
10614253888	Syntax	Sentence structure	81
10614254726	Synthesize	Combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex.	82
10614256751	Thesis	The central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer.	83
10614258824	Thesis Statement	A statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or implicit.	84
10614260044	Tone	The speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience.	85
10614262066	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	86
10614263062	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech.	87
10614263063	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	88
10614264567	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	89
10614265840	Zeugma	A construction in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or governs—often in different, sometimes incongruent ways—two or more words in a sentence.	90