Ch. 3 AP World History Flashcards

8024087263	Herodotus	The first great Greek historian	0
8024087264	The Histories	A book describing the Persian Wars during the fifth and fourth centuries B.C.E	1
8024087265	Homer	A Greek poet around the ninth century	2
8024087266	Iliad	An epic poem that was written by Homer	3
8024087267	Odyssey	An epic poem written by Homer	4
8024087268	Plato	A student of Socrates that kept Socrates ideas alive Socrates' most well known pupil. Founded an academy in Athens.	5
8024087269	The Republic	A story written by Plato about a society composed of workers, warriors, and "Philosopher Kings"	6
8024087270	Aristotle	A student of Plato who became a famous Athenian philosopher	7
8024087271	Poetics	Written by Aristotle, set down definitions for tragedy and comedy in theaters and definitions of epic and lyric poetry	8
8024087272	Avesta	A collection of written texts based on Zarathustra's beliefs	9
8024087273	Aristophanes	The most prolific author of comedies, wrote 40 plays	10
8024087274	Aeschylus	A playwright that wrote tragedies Oresteia	11
8024087275	The Trojan Women	A tragedy that describes how Athenians slaughtered people they captured in the Trojan War	12
8024087276	Euripides	A playwright that wrote tragedies one of the greatest tragic dramatists of ancient Greece (480-406 BC)	13
8024087277	Sophocles	A Greek playwright that used myths of the gods as literary devices for their plays	14
8024087278	Parthenon	A massive stone building, rectangular but elegant, featured rows f tall columns on all sides and was topped by a slanted roof with friezes illustrating Greek myths on a panel sitting along the top of the columns	15
8024087279	Persepolis	Capital city of the Persian Empire featuring an impressive royal palace and artistic traditions of several groups	16
8024087280	Knossos Palace	A place that Crete arts, jewelry, culture, statuettes and indoor plumbing was showcased	17
8024087281	Socrates	An influential Greek thinker Greek philosopher; socratic method--questioning; sentenced to death for corrupting Athens youth	18
8024087282	Socratic Method	The method of clarifying and identifying a person's ideas and core of them	19
8024087283	Academy	A school that taught students to question the nature of ideas such as good, evil, justice, and beauty	20
8024087284	Golden Mean	A moderation in which moderate courage is a virtue The golden mean was the group of ideals of order, balance, harmony and moderation.	21
8024087285	Logic	The science of the formal principles of reasoning	22
8024087286	Empiricism	Trust in what one learned form observation and evidence rather than religious beliefs and intuition	23
8024087287	Syncretic	Combining ideas from different sources	24
8024087288	Zarathustra	Persian prophet that began teaching about Zoroastrianism	25
8024087289	Qanat	Underground canals	26
8024087290	Cyrus the Great	Persia leader, ruled 550-530 B.C.E	27
8024087291	Delian League	Alliance among the Greeks in the Persian War	28
8024087292	Cambyses	Successor to Cyrus the Great, united three early centers of civilizations, ruled from 530-522 B.C.E	29
8024087293	Darius I	Ruled Persian Empire from 522-486 B.C.E	30
8024087294	Xerxes	Successor to Darius I, ruled from 486-465 B.C.E Son of Darius	31
8024087295	Peloponnesian League	An alliance amongst Sparta and its allies during the Peloponnesian War	32
8024087296	Philip II	A ruler resolved to conquer and unite the Greek city-states and conquer Asia Minor	33
8024087297	Alexander the Great	Ruler that conquered land all the way to India King of Macedonia who conquered Greece, Egypt, and Persia	34
8024087298	Solon	A reform-minded aristocrat who lived during the sixth century B.C.E. ...	35
8024087299	Pericles	Ruler of Athens from 461-424 B.C.E.	36
8024087300	Ptolemies	Chief among the generals/rulers, stationed in Egypt	37
8024087301	Poleis	City-states	38
8024087302	Monarchies	King ruled the state Systems of government in which unelected kings or queens rule.	39
8024087303	Aristocracy	Nobles ruled the state A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility	40
8024087304	Oligarchy	A few wealthy landowners and merchants ruled the state	41
8024087305	Tyrants	Leaders who seized power with the peoples' support	42
8024087306	Democracy	All citizens participated to rule the state	43
8024087307	Direct Democracy	A government in which all citizens could vote directly on laws and other issues in a large assembly	44
8024087308	Representative Democracy	Citizens elect leaders to represent them and give those leaders powers to make laws and govern	45
8024087309	Crete	An island in the Aegean Sea that was home to the Minoans	46
8024087310	Knossos	A wealthy and beautiful city on Crete	47
8024087311	Minoan Civilization	Civilization that lived on Crete; wealthy, skillful builder, experienced seafarers	48
8024087312	Syracuse	One of the largest Greek colones on Sicily	49
8024087313	Agrigentum	One of the largest Greek colonies on Sicily Capital of Sicily	50
8024087314	Persian Wars	Wars involving Greece against Persia during the fifth and fourth centuries	51
8024087315	Marathon	A city that the outnumbered Athenian army defended against the Persian forces of Darius	52
8024087316	Battle of Thermopylae	Persians defeated the Spartans and their allies	53
8024087317	Battle of Salamis	Naval battle the Athenians won	54
8024087318	Persians	conquered most of the lands from the Aegean Sea to the borders of India Indo-European who lived in now what is called Iran, created one of the largest empires of the world	55
8024087319	Achaemenid Empire	First Persian Empire; consisted of Egypt and arts of Southeast Europe The Persian Empire established by Cyrus the Great	56
8024087320	Seleucids	Ruled Persia from 305-83 B.C.E. They controlled Persia after the death of Alexander. Their king was one of Alexander's generals.	57
8024087321	Parthians	Originally nomadic peoples, ruled over now Iraq, Iran, and much of the land bordering western India Iranian ruling dynasty between ca. 250 B.C.E. and 226 C.E.	58
8024087322	Sassanids	Took over the Parthians in 224 C.E.; ruled from 224-651 C.E. Persian dynasty successed the Parthians as the last pre-Islamic dynasty in Persia	59
8024087323	Athens	One of the two most powerful poleis the capital and largest city of Greece	60
8024087324	Sparta	One of the two most powerful poleis an ancient Greek city famous for military prowess	61
8024087325	Alexandria	A center of Hellenistic culture and major seaort in Egypt	62
8024087326	Hellenistic Period	Translated to Greeks Period Time period between death of Alexander(323) and Rise of Rome (27BC)	63
8024087327	Haplites	Civilian Infantry Member	64
8024087328	Archons	Top officials in Athenian government	65
8024087329	Helots	Slaves	66
8024087330	Satraps	Ruler of a providence who was responsible ot the emperor, not local leaders	67
8024087331	Aristocrats	Noble Rulers	68
8024087332	Merchants	Traders and store-owners	69
8024087333	Spartan Women	Ran households with greater freedom than other Greek women	70
8024087334	Caravanserai	Combination inns and markets for travelers traveling the Royal road by camel caravan	71
8024087335	Common Currency	Currency accepted across the empire	72
8024087336	Royal Road	Famous trade network across 1,500 miles Road that helped unify the Persian Empire	73