AP World History: Chapter 20 Flashcards

13064399959	Causes of WWI	Militarism (building up of armies), alliances (defense alliances divided Europe. Britain allied with Russia and France. This looked offensive from the other side.), nationalism (rivalry between European nations), imperialism, assassination	0
13064399960	Impact of WWI on Colonial Empires	Colonists (Africans, Sepoys from India) were told they would get their independence if they fought, but didn't	1
13064399961	Attitudes towards war during WWI	Extreme enthusiasm to support and fight in war; fascination with uniforms, war technologies, etc. Leaders rarely wore civilian clothes. Military were admired. Younger men felt that the world was too dull and comfortable, so some started to long for a war to fight in so that they could prove themselves; People denied that wars could very well end in a stalemate. Defense was getting much better than offense, but people were unwilling to accept the fact that it was unreasonable to fight an offensive war against strong defenses.	2
13064399962	Main terms of the Treaty of Versailles	Germany is blamed for the war- must pay 33 billion in reparations, demilitarize, and lose the Alsace-Lorraine; Treaty of Versailles becomes fuel for Adolf Hitler. Germany's economy collapses. They don't have colonies to spread goods to foreign markets. France stops trade with Germany. The war guilt clause is what upset Hitler the most.	3
13064399982	Collapse of Ottoman Empire	The Ottoman Empire started to decline during the late 1800's when the Egyptians, Greeks, and Bosnians broke away due to nationalism. The empire collapsed after World War 1 (new countries were carved out of the Ottoman Empire by Treaty of Versailles); Ottoman Empire collapses during WWI and becomes Turkish Republic, but during war, Young Turks (secular nationalists) were suspicious of Armenian group and culture, afraid that Armenians, who had close connection with Russia, would ally with Russia and take over that area and go against Turks. They deport and murder 1 million Armenians. Nobody knows this because it happens during WWI. word "genocide" doesn't exist until after WWII. British had influence over Middle East, British had to decide who to give Holy Land to, they don't come up with a solution (keep it until after WWII)	4
13064399963	US stance after WWI	We benefit from the war, propose but are Not part of League of Nations, Doesn't sign treaty of Versailles, Become a creditor to Europe; End isolationism and take part in diplomacy	5
13064399964	Causes of Great Depression	Stock speculation, overbuying when really they should have been selling, overproduction	6
13064399965	Impacts of Great Depression	Japan was least affected; United States, France, and Britain were the most affected (US had been giving Europe international loans but they couldn't do that anymore which hurt the European countries); Germany feels the impact a little bit, but they had already gone through their own economic depression and were being pulled out of it as the Nazis rose to power	7
13064399966	Latin American response to Great Depression	They can no longer get imports from US, so the government takes control of and increases industrialism.	8
13064399967	Fascism	Against communism and democracy; single party in power; use of force of violence to assert authority	9
13064399968	What makes German fascism unique?	Focus on race and racism (Aryan race); Nazis came to power completely legally and through democracy (different because fascists in Italy take over by force)	10
13064399969	Popularity of Nazi Party	It spread internally in the government; Germany needed a charismatic leader, wanted a scapegoat (Nazis blamed Jews), use of propaganda, and helped pull Germany out of economic depression through projects like public works to help ease unemployment	11
13064399970	Similarities and differences between German, Italian, and Japanese reasons for fascism	REASONS- fear of communism, effects of WWI on nation, rights of women, economic issues They all wanted to expand and build an empire. They all became fascist because of extreme nationalism and economic troubles. Germany and Italy were both obsessed with Roman Empire. Italy wanted to expand into Africa, while Japan wanted to expand into parts of China and islands in Southeast Pacific. Germany and Italy both came up with the idea of a pure race that they excluded certain groups from (Germany had Nuremberg Laws and Italy had laws that mimicked these). Japan was different because there was no single party or group that led. All of them were anti communist, anti democratic, and anti feminist. Italy was different because an external group took over the country, while in Germany and Japan the shift to fascism happened inside the government. Japan is different because they did not hate any groups within Japan, just people who were not Japanese and Japan used reeducation instead of torture as their primary method of dealing with opponents	12
13064399971	WWII effects on communism	Helps spread communism, Soviet Union takes over Eastern Europe and sets up communist governments there	13
13064399972	Germany in WWI vs Germany in WWII (what were they able to do?)	CHANGE- While in WWI they were caught in stalemates, in WWII, they were able to actually take over new lands like Poland. CONTINUITY- reach a certain high point in the war, but when the US enters they are not able to defeat US	14
13064399973	Marshall Plan and its effects	America's "empire by invitation"; made because of humanitarianism, benefit the US (European trading partners), undermine Communism (same to fascism- when people aren't happy, they listen to different ideology, so better economies would not listen to communism); boosts Europe's economy and brings it back up	15
13064399974	Effects of attack on Pearl Harbor	Short term: US joins the war, Germany declares war on US Long Term: US introduces nuclear warfare and Cold War begins	16
13064399975	Effects of WWII on European empires	No longer the main global powers because they are weakened and destroyed; lose their colonies because the colonies increase in nationalism after fighting for the people who control them Europe is no longer a power player because it is impoverished and is divided into East (Soviet) and West by Berlin Wall,	17
13064399976	NATO and UN	Goals- protect Europe, keep the peace NATO signified that US (who came up with it) would protect anyone part of it (France, Britain, Western Germany, etc), main enemy was the Soviet Union	18
13065422988	World Bank and International Monetary Fund	Goals- prevent economic depressions and promote economic strength, help places like Africa prosper	19
13064399977	Western European Recovery	US helps by giving $12 billion to Western European countries; European economies unite (beginning of EU, CHANGE because Europe was constantly fighting but now they unite)	20
13064399978	Turning point of wwii	Battle of Stalingrad, Germans push deep into Russia but Russia is able to push them back/stall them, and Russia begins to push them out of Russia and to Berlin	21
13064399979	Concept of total war in WWI vs WWII	Mass casualties, mobilization (WWI- Some of the main players mobilize, in Britain women started to work in factories to make ammo, WWII- Every country mobilizes and involves all races and genders, food and clothing rationing), brutality (WWI- Germany attacks food lines, merchant vessels, try to harm civilians; War of Attrition meaning it was about wearing down the supplies of the enemy like food, men, medical care, etc.), new technology (WWI- Machine guns, tanks, submarines, barbed wire, poison gas, war becomes a machine) WWI- no one wanted to begin an actual world war, but WWII- Germany purposefully begins the world war WWII not really any trenches, war of movement, not just stalemates (Blitzkrieg: lightning warfare, closely coordinated and timed air and land power, almost impossible to defend) WWII- truly global, involves every continent of the world except Antarctica	22
13064399980	Colonial roles in WWI vs WWII	Continuity- colonies provide troops and supplies, invoke nationalist feelings in the colonies Change- WWI the colonies wanted independence and were promised that but it was not given to them; WWII Europe was weakened enough for the colonies to gain their independence, nationalist feelings materialize into them actually getting their independencee	23
13064399981	Chain of events from WWI through WWII and after (How does one thing cause another)	Great Depression leads to WWII which leads to the Cold War	24