AP Flashcards

7527456701	What is the reaction called that connects two monomers together? Explain how this reaction occurs.	Dehydration synthesis; removes water	0
7527468327	What are the chemical formulas used for the carboxyl group, amine group and phosphate group?	Carboxyl group- COOH; amine group- NH2 ; phosphate group- PO4	1
14819763173	What are isomers? Which organic molecules can have isomers?	Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures; carbohydrates	2
14819793239	Which organic molecule group contains C, H, and O and has a 1:2:1 ratio? What are these organic molecules used for within the body?	Carbohydrates; provides energy for the body	3
14819798357	What are the essential functions of lipids?	Energy source, insulation, protection, structure, chemical messengers	4
14819800373	What are the differences between saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids?	Saturated- no double bonds; monounsaturated- one double bond; polyunsaturated- two or more double bonds	5
14819803075	What are the components of a triglyceride molecule?	One glycerol + 3 fatty acids	6
14819808580	What are the differences between phospholipids and glycolipids? What are their components? Where are they used?	Phospholipid- phosphate group, glycerol, and two fatty acids Glycolipids- carbohydrate, glycerol, and two fatty acids Composed of fatty acids and nonlipid components Found in cell membranes= structural lipids	7
14819814853	What are the functions of proteins?	Movement, support, transport, buffering, metabolic regulation, defense coordination and control	8
14819818056	What are the monomers of proteins? What are the bonds called connecting the protein monomers?	Amino acids; peptide bonds	9
14819821425	Explain how enzymes, substrates, and active site are related.	Substrate binds to the active site on the enzymes and a product is formed	10
14819824502	How does each amino acid differ from one another?	R group differs	11
14819827053	Which protein structure is alpha-helix (spiral) or beta sheet (pleated)?	Secondary structure	12
14819831664	Glycoproteins and proteoglycans are combinations of amino acids and what other type of organic molecule?	Carbohydrates	13
14819834498	How would the lack of a cofactor for an enzyme affect that enzyme's function?	It would become nonfunctional	14
14819841840	Explain when and how an enzyme would denature.	Change in temperature and ph; function deteriorates	15
14819844762	What is the main function of nucleic acids?	They carry the genetic blueprint of a cell and carry instructions for the functioning of the cell	16
14819851335	What are the differences and similarities between DNA and RNA?	DNA- double stranded, sugar- deoxyribose, thymine RNA- single stranded, sugar- ribose, uraci Both made out of nucleotides and have a nitrogenous base	17
14819854136	What are the components of a nucleotide?	Five-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group	18
14819857295	Which nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines and purines? Which are complementary base pairs?	Pyrimidines- thymine and cytosine Purine- adenine and guanine A and T (Uracil); G and C	19
14819860419	What is the most abundant high-energy source in the cell?	ATP	20
14819864015	What is the difference between ADP and ATP?	ADP- two phosphate groups ATP- three phosphate groups	21
14819869502	What is phosphorylation?	The process of adding a phosphate group to ADP or AMP	22
14819873270	How is the energy in ATP released?	Breaking the bond between the last phosphate group	23