Immune System - AP Biology Flashcards

13210973596	Innate Immunity	General, non-specific protection to the body, including the skin (barrier), gastric acid, phagocytes, and lysozyme.	0
13210973597	First Line of Defense	Nonspecific barrier to keep out pathogens includes skin, mucous membranes, and normal microbiota	1
13210973598	Second Line of Defense	Nonspecific defense and inflammatory response initiated by chemical signals to attack and isolate invading pathogens; includes response by phagocytes	2
13210973599	Inflammatory Response	Vasodilation, phagocytosis, and increase in body temperature	3
13210973600	Histamines	chemical signals that trigger vasodilation, increasing blood supply to area	4
13210973601	Phagocytes	White blood cells that engulf invading pathogens e.g., neutrophils, macrophages	5
13210973602	Chemokines	chemical signals secreted by blood vessel cells that attract more white blood cells (phagocytes) to the area	6
13210973603	Adaptive (Acquired) immunity	Specific immunity; B and T cells; humoral and cell-mediated response	7
13210973604	Lymphocytes	White blood cells that include T cells, B cells, and Natural Killer cells	8
13210973605	Macrophages	White blood cell that engulfs large numbers of pathogens; presents antigen to activate T cells	9
13210973606	MHC I	molecules found on every body cell that presents antigen; signals cytotoxic T to destroy	10
13210973607	MHC II	molecules found on macrophages, B cells, and activated T cells; signal helper T cells	11
13210973608	Memory Cells	Responsible for lifelong immunity; B and T cells that are able to more quickly fight secondary infection	12
13210973609	Antibody	Y-shaped protein with variable antigen binding region; slows pathogens to facilitate destruction	13
13210973610	Antigen	any molecule that elicits an immune response; the body sees as foreign	14
13210973611	Passive Immunity	Temporary immunity where antibodies are transferred from another animal ex: mother transfers some of her antibodies to her nursing child	15
13210973612	HIV	A retrovirus that attacks helper T cells	16
13210973613	Autoimmune disease	failure of immune tolerance; the body does not properly distinguish self from nonself	17
13210973614	Allergy	Hypersensitive immune response to certain substances that causes that release of histamine	18
13210973615	B Cells	Cells involved in humoral response; produce antibodies; activated by Th cells or free antigens	19
13210973616	Cytotoxic T Cells	Cells involved in cell-mediated response; specifically kills body cells that have been infected with pathogens and cancer cells; stimulated by APCs (antigen presenting cells) and helper T-cells	20
13210973617	Helper T Cells	Set off an alarm to the immune system that pathogens have broken through the body's line of defense; binds to class II MHC	21
13210973621	Humoral Response	The branch of acquired immunity that involves the activation of B cells and that leads to the production of antibodies, which defend against bacteria and viruses in body fluids.	22
13210973622	Cell-mediated Response	The branch of acquired immunity that involves the activation of cytotoxic T cells, which defend against infected cells and cancer cells.	23
13210973634	pathogen	an organism that causes a disease or illness	24
13210973636	clonal selection	process by which an antigen only activates lymphocytes with receptors that specifically bind it -- these lymphocytes proliferate into clones that respond to that specific antigen; accounts for specificity and memory of acquired immune response	25
13210973637	cardinal signs of inflammation	1. redness 2. heat 3. swelling 4. pain (sometimes loss of function)	26
13210973638	white blood cells	neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages, eosinophils, basophils	27
13210973640	secondary immune response	response after the second exposure to a particular pathogen; faster than primary due to memory cells	28