Biochemistry Flashcards

14740218461	Monomer	A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers	0
14740218462	Polymer	large compound formed from combinations of many monomers	1
14740218463	dehydration synthesis	A chemical reaction in which two molecules are bonded together with the removal of a water molecule.	2
14740218464	Hydrolysis	the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.	3
14740218465	dehydration synthesis vs hydrolysis	Dehydration Synthesis - Bond made and water = reactant Hydrolysis - Bond broken and water = product	4
14740218466	Biomolecules	carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids; 4 building blocks of life	5
14740218467	organic	Contain carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen	6
14740218468	Monosaccharides	glucose, fructose, galactose	7
14740218469	Polysaccharides	starch, cellulose, glycogen	8
14740218470	Starch	Unbranched chain of glucose molecules all oriented in the same direction	9
14740218471	Cellulose	Unbranched chain of glucose molecules in opposite orientations (repeating)	10
14740218472	Glycogen	Branches chain of glucose molecules resulting in a forked arrangement	11
14740218473	Dissacharides	sucrose, lactose, maltose	12
14740218474	examples of lipids	fats and oils	13
14740218475	examples of carbohydrates	starches and sugars	14
14740218476	functions of carbs	Short term energy, structure	15
14740218477	cellulose (plants) and chitin (animals)	examples of structural polysaccharides	16
14740218478	Glycerol	Combines with fatty acids to make lipids.	17
14740218479	fatty acids	Building Blocks of Lipids	18
14740218480	saturated fatty acid	molecule in lipids in which carbon atoms are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible	19
14740218481	unsaturated fatty acid	A fatty acid that has one or more double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.	20
14740218482	Functions of lipids in the body	Long term energy, insulation, protection, hormones, prevent water loss, make up cell membranes	21
14740218483	Proteins	Chains of amino acids	22
14740218484	amino acids	building blocks of proteins	23
14740218485	peptide bond	Bonds that connect amino acids.	24
14740218486	Polypeptide	A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.	25
14740218487	functions of proteins	structure, hormones, movement of cells, transport molecules, enzymes, antibodies	26
14740218488	Protein in yourcdiet	Meat, fish, egg, dairy, beans	27
14740218489	Lipids in your diet	Fatty cuts of meats, lard, butter, tropics oils, high fat milk and cheeses	28
14740218490	Carbs in your diet	Yogurt, ice cream, fruits, bread, rice, pasta, beans, potatoes, corn, sugary sweets	29
14740218491	nucleic acids	macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus	30
14740218492	Nucleotide	A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.	31
14740218493	DNA	A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.	32
14740218494	RNA	single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose	33
14740218495	function of nucleic acids	store and transmit genetic information	34
14740218496	Function of DNA	stores genetic information	35
14740218497	Function of RNA	transmits genetic info	36
14740218498	Hydrophyllic	water loving (dissolvable); polar head	37
14740218499	In what life process does hydrolysis occur?	digestion	38
14740218500	Hydrophobic	Water fearing; non-polar tail	39