ERHS Terminology for AP Language and Composition Flashcards
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| 14620911713 | alliteration | The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables. | 0 | |
| 14620912698 | allusion | An indirect reference, often to another text or an historic event. | 1 | |
| 14620914047 | analogy | An extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things. | 2 | |
| 14620915350 | anaphora | The repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses. | 3 | |
| 14620916867 | anecdote | A short account of an interesting event. | 4 | |
| 14620993736 | annotation | Explanatory or critical notes added to a text. | 5 | |
| 14620995334 | antecedent | The noun to which a later pronoun refers. | 6 | |
| 14620996548 | antithesis | The direct opposite, a sharp contrast. | 7 | |
| 14621001243 | aphorism | A short, astute statement of a general truth. | 8 | |
| 14621002370 | appositive | A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun. | 9 | |
| 14621003261 | archaic diction | The use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language. | 10 | |
| 14621004550 | argument | A statement put forth and supported by evidence. | 11 | |
| 14621007933 | Aristotelian Triangle | A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see rhetorical triangle). | 12 | |
| 14621009948 | assertion | An emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument. | 13 | |
| 14621010858 | assumption | A belief or statement taken for granted without proof | 14 | |
| 14621011883 | asyndeton | Leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses. | 15 | |
| 14621018804 | attitude | The speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone. | 16 | |
| 14621019210 | audience | One's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed. | 17 | |
| 14621032422 | authority | A reliable, respected source—someone with knowledge. | 18 | |
| 14621033240 | bias | Prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue. | 19 | |
| 14621034113 | cite | Identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source. | 20 | |
| 14621034698 | claim | An assertion, usually supported by evidence. | 21 | |
| 14621037296 | close reading | A careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text. | 22 | |
| 14621040890 | colloquialism | An informal or conversational use of language. | 23 | |
| 14621043810 | common ground | Shared beliefs, values, or positions. | 24 | |
| 14621044336 | complex sentence | A sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. | 25 | |
| 14621045671 | concession | A reluctant acknowledgment or yielding. | 26 | |
| 14621048116 | connotation | That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning (see denotation). | 27 | |
| 14621048707 | context | Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning. | 28 | |
| 14621050054 | coordination | Grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but. | 29 | |
| 14621051050 | counterargument | A challenge to a position; an opposing argument. | 30 | |
| 14621057749 | cumulative sentence | an independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail. | 31 | |
| 14621059422 | declarative sentence | A sentence that makes a statement. | 32 | |
| 14621061934 | deduction | Reasoning from general to specific. | 33 | |
| 14621062906 | denotation | The literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition. | 34 | |
| 14621065113 | diction | Word choice. Documentation: Bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing. | 35 | |
| 14621068568 | elegiac | Mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone. | 36 | |
| 14621069587 | epigram | A brief witty statement. | 37 | |
| 14621072298 | ethos | The appeal of a text to the credibility and character of the speaker, writer, or narrator. | 38 | |
| 14621072917 | exigence | Issue or situation that demands prompt action or remedy. | 39 | |
| 14621074109 | explicit | Fully and clearly expressed or demonstrated; leaving nothing merely implied. | 40 | |
| 14621075394 | figurative language: | Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling. | 41 | |
| 14621079026 | figure of speech | A device used to produce figurative language. | 42 | |
| 14621081411 | hyperbole | Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally. | 43 | |
| 14621083155 | imagery | Vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing). | 44 | |
| 14621083909 | implicit | Implied, rather than expressly stated. | 45 | |
| 14621086088 | imperative sentence | A sentence that requests or commands. | 46 | |
| 14621086765 | inductive reasoning | Reasoning from detailed facts to general principles. | 47 | |
| 14621090305 | inverted sentence | A sentence in which the subject follows the verb. | 48 | |
| 14621095934 | verbal irony | A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant | 49 | |
| 14621110320 | juxtaposition | Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts. | 50 | |
| 14621118566 | logos | Appeal to logic. | 51 | |
| 14693527585 | metaphor | A comparison without using like or as | 52 | |
| 14693532974 | Metonymy | Use of an aspect of something to represent the whole. | 53 | |
| 14693534749 | occasion | the time and place a speech is given or a piece is written | 54 | |
| 14693535843 | paradox | a statement that seems contradictory but is actually true | 55 | |
| 14693538643 | parallelism | similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses | 56 | |
| 14693541810 | parody | A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. | 57 | |
| 14693544990 | pathos | Appeal to emotion | 58 | |
| 14693546112 | persona | an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting | 59 | |
| 14693549556 | Personification | A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes | 60 | |
| 14693551694 | Polysyndeton | Deliberate use of many conjunctions | 61 | |
| 14693552908 | premise | an assumption; the basis for a conclusion | 62 | |
| 14693554015 | propaganda | Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause. | 63 | |
| 14693554016 | purpose | the goal the speaker wants to achieve | 64 | |
| 14693555550 | qualify | To discuss the extent to which something may or may not be true. | 65 | |
| 14693561694 | rebut | to offer arguments or evidence that contradict an assertion; to refute | 66 | |
| 14693563183 | rhetoric | the art of using language effectively and persuasively | 67 | |
| 14693563184 | rhetorical modes | exposition, description, narration, argumentation | 68 | |
| 14693566680 | rhetorical question | A question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer | 69 | |
| 14693567898 | rhetorical situation | The convergence in a situation of exigency (the need to write), audience, and purpose. | 70 | |
| 14693569539 | satire | A literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies. | 71 | |
| 14693569540 | scheme | A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect. | 72 | |
| 14693570872 | sentence patterns | simple, compound, complex | 73 | |
| 14693572267 | sentence variety | Using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect. | 74 | |
| 14693573508 | simile | A comparison using "like" or "as" | 75 | |
| 14693574577 | simple sentence | A sentence consisting of one independent clause and no dependent clause | 76 | |
| 14693576613 | source | A book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information. | 77 | |
| 14693576614 | speaker | A term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing | 78 | |
| 14693579005 | style | the choices a writer makes; the combination of distinctive features of a literary work | 79 | |
| 14693580768 | subject | The topic of a text. What the text is about. | 80 | |
| 14693582444 | subordinate clause | a clause that cannot stand alone | 81 | |
| 14693586501 | subordination | The dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence. | 82 | |
| 14693587616 | syllogism | A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion. | 83 | |
| 14693591665 | syntax | Sentence structure | 84 | |
| 14693591666 | synthesize | Combine to form a more complex product | 85 | |
| 14693593701 | thesis | the primary position taken by a writer or speaker | 86 | |
| 14693595064 | thesis statement | a statement or sentence that states the purpose of a paper or essay | 87 | |
| 14693596821 | tone | Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character | 88 | |
| 14693596822 | topic sentence | A sentence that expresses the main idea of the paragraph in which it occurs. | 89 | |
| 14693597977 | transitions | words or phrases used to connect ideas together | 90 | |
| 14693599252 | trope | The generic name for a figure of speech such as image, symbol, simile, and metaphor. | 91 | |
| 14693600683 | understatement | the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is. | 92 | |
| 14693600684 | voice | A writers distinctive use of language | 93 | |
| 14693596758 | tone | Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character | 94 | |
| 14693596759 | topic sentence | 95 |