World history AP Flashcards
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| 14729725046 | Persian Empire | Mesopotamian empire that conquered the existing Median, Lydian, and Babylonian empires, as well as Egypt and many others. Also known as the Achaemenid Empire. | 0 | |
| 14729725047 | Persepolis | A complex of palaces, reception halls, and treasury buildings erected by the Persian kings Darius I and Xerxes in the Persian homelan | 1 | |
| 14729725048 | Cyrus the Great | A remarkable leader who managed to reunite he Persian Empire in a powerful kingdom. Under Cyrus, Persia began building an empire larger than any yet seen in the world | 2 | |
| 14729725049 | religious toleration | policy of allowing people to worship as they choose | 3 | |
| 14729725050 | Satrapies | the 23 states into which Darius divided the Persian Empire | 4 | |
| 14729725051 | Royal Road | A road in the Persian Empire, stretching over 1,600 miles from Susa in Persia to Sardis in Anatolia. | 5 | |
| 14729725052 | Zoroastrianism | One of the first monotheistic religions, particularly one with a wide following. It was central to the political and religious culture of ancient Persia. | 6 | |
| 14729725053 | Ahura Mazda | Main god of Zoroastrianism who represented truth and goodness and was perceived to be in an eternal struggle with the malign spirit Angra Mainyu. | 7 | |
| 14729725054 | Classical Greece | This term refers to the time period of Greek History from 500 to 338 B.C. In 338 B.C. Greece was conquered by King Philip II, who was a Macedonian King. A time when Greek culture and ideas flourished. | 8 | |
| 14729725055 | Democracy and Citizenship classical Greece | All free , adult Greek military males who has completed military service | 9 | |
| 14729725056 | Athens and Sparta | Two city-states (polis) of ancient Greece. | 10 | |
| 14729725057 | Athens | Women had no political rights, education; restricted to home . Slaves were 1/3 of population | 11 | |
| 14729725058 | Sparta | Women were revered from having children, women governed Sparta while men were at war | 12 | |
| 14729725059 | Helots | enslaved people in ancient Sparta | 13 | |
| 14729725060 | Socrates | Greek philosopher; socratic method--questioning; sentenced to death for corrupting Athens youth (470-399 BCE | 14 | |
| 14729725061 | Persian Wars | Ionian cities revolted against Persia , Persia invaded twice , 499-449 BC | 15 | |
| 14729725062 | Peloponnesian War | Sparta fought against growing Athenian empire, Sparta and it's allies defeated Athens and weakens Greece | 16 | |
| 14729725063 | Alexander the Great | Macedonian king , Between 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East., never lost a battle | 17 | |
| 14729725064 | Hellenization | the spread of Greek culture—language, ideas, art, architecture and political and cultural structures—in the Mediterranean world and the Near East. | 18 | |
| 14729725065 | Law (Judaism) | Moses led Jews out of Egypt , received the law from god , law provided rituals and sacrifices to atone for sins | 19 | |
| 14729725066 | Messiah (Judaism) | Jews are awaiting their Messiah (savior) | 20 | |
| 14729725067 | Jesus of Nazareth | Born to a poor Jewish family , travelled throughout Palestine , claimed to be the Messiah and son of god , executed by persecution as a political revel by the romans | 21 | |
| 14729725068 | Gospel | means "Good News" written to preserve the experiences of Jesus Christ | 22 | |
| 14729725069 | St. Paul of Tarsus | He spreaded the Christian faith on at least 3 separate journeys through Greece , Anatolia, and time , traveling an estimated 10,000 miles | 23 | |
| 14729725070 | martryr | Someone who is killed because of their faith | 24 | |
| 14729725071 | Appeal and spread of Christianity | Spread quickly , 10% of romans were Christian by 300 CE | 25 | |
| 14729725072 | Constantine | Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337) | 26 | |
| 14729725073 | Edict of Milan | Made Christianity official religion of the Roman empire | 27 | |
| 14729725074 | Roman Republic | The period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate. | 28 | |
| 14729725075 | Patricians | Upper class families | 29 | |
| 14729725076 | Plebeians | Lower class families | 30 | |
| 14729725077 | Government of the Roman Republic | under the Republic (representatives represent the people by district), the seat of Roman government was the Senate (qualification: patrician) | 31 | |
| 14729725078 | Julius Caesar | 100-44 B.C. Roman general who became the republic's dictator in 45 B.C. , a general | 32 | |
| 14729725079 | Roman Empire | Existed from 27 BCE to about 400 CE. Conquiered entire Mediterranean coast and most of Europe. Ruled by an emperor. Eventually oversaw the rise and spread of Christianity. | 33 | |
| 14729725080 | Octavian | First emperor of Rome , granted overarching pose by senate , used army and aristocracy to maintain order | 34 | |
| 14729725081 | Causes of decline and fall of Roman Empire | Weak emperors and uninterested aristocracy, epidemic diseases and decreasing urbanization, Germanic tribes invaded | 35 | |
| 14729725082 | Mauryan Empire | (326-184BCE) This was the first centralized empire of India whose founder was Chandragupta Maurya. | 36 | |
| 14729725083 | Chandragupta Maurya | United India for the first time, created a bureaucracy influenced Persia and Alexander the Great | 37 | |
| 14729725084 | Ashoka | a ruler of the Mauryan Empire who converted to Buddhism , sent out Buddhist missionaries, ended slavery | 38 | |
| 14729725085 | Gupta Empire | Golden Age of India , development of chess, built free hospitals | 39 | |
| 14729725086 | Nalanda | Famous Buddhist university of ancient india , students came from Middle East , China , and Greece | 40 | |
| 14729725087 | Hinduism | A religion native to India, featuring belief in many gods and reincarnation, goal is to end samsara and unite your atman with Brahman | 41 | |
| 14729725088 | Caste System | a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity | 42 | |
| 14729725089 | 4 Varnas | Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, Sudras | 43 | |
| 14729725090 | Buddhism | A religion based on the teachings of the Buddha. | 44 | |
| 14729725091 | Siddartha Gautama (Buddha) | Founder of Buddhism and wealthy Indian prince. Sought to overcome suffering by being ascetic | 45 | |
| 14729725092 | Middle Way (Buddhism) | Nothing to excess, not too little or too much | 46 | |
| 14729725093 | Nirvana (Buddhism) | Enlightenment | 47 | |
| 14729725094 | Appeal and spread of Buddhism | Egalitarian -No caste system •Individual was responsible for spiritual enlightenment , Teaching available m in local Language Women could participate equally | 48 | |
| 14729725095 | Theravada Buddhism | Buddhist sect that focuses on the wisdom of the Buddha | 49 | |
| 14729725096 | Mahayana | "the Great Vehicle" - The largest of Buddhism's three divisions, prevalent in China, Japan and Korea, encompasses a variety of forms, including those that emphasize devotion and prayer to the Buddhas and bodhisattvas. | 50 | |
| 14729725097 | Qin Dynasty | the Chinese dynasty (from 246 BC to 206 BC) that established the first centralized imperial government and established written Chinese language , built much of the Great Wall | 51 | |
| 14729725098 | Shihuangdi | Shihuangdi (r. 221-210 BCE) defeated others and became the "first emperor" -Advanced army, elaborate bureaucracy -Used Legalism to rule empire | 52 | |
| 14729725099 | Han Dynasty | Han dynasty founded by Emperor Gaozu (r. 202-195 BCE) -Capital at Chang'an •Assimilated non-Chinese people | 53 | |
| 14729725100 | Emperor Wu of Han | (r. 141-87 BCE) -Confucianism became official government philosophy -Nationalized salt and iron industries -Repelled nomadic Xiongnu from the north | 54 | |
| 14729725101 | Imperial exams and bureaucracy in classical china | Emperor Wu established the Imperial University to train officials -Different levels of civil service examinations to enter the bureaucracy -Exams based on Confucian | 55 | |
| 14729725102 | Wang Mang's reforms | looking to redistribute the land. Problems with peasants, gave them land from the rich people. | 56 | |
| 14729725103 | Causes of decline and fall classical China | Empire became too big to maintain -Court eunuchs and aristocracy fought for power -Large landowning families gained power •Epidemic diseases -Smallpox, bubonic plagues reduced population by as much as one fourth | 57 | |
| 14729725104 | Legalism | Political philosophy used by Shihuangdi -Burned Confucian texts and killed Confucian scholars •The state, law, and the position of the ruler had ultimate authority •Rules were publicly posted -Strict rewards and punishments were enforced •Viewed soldiers and farmers as only essential members of society | 58 | |
| 14729725105 | Confucianism | a system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius and developed by Mencius. | 59 | |
| 14729725106 | Filial Piety | Honor of one's parents and ancestors | 60 | |
| 14729725107 | (Five) unequal relationships | -Ruler to ruled -Father to son -Husband to wife -Elder brother to younger brother -Friend to friend | 61 | |
| 14729725108 | Daoism | Founded by Laozi (ca. 6th century BCE) •Encouraged withdrawal to nature to find harmony -Rejection of formal education, political and social involvements and ambitions | 62 | |
| 14729725109 | Dao | Dao: the way, the path -The way or principle that governs nature -Simplicity in living, limited governm | 63 | |
| 14729725110 | Yin and Yang | Yin (dark, female) and yang (light, male) -Male and female were complementary | 64 |