AP World History - Key Concepts Buzzword Review - Periods #3 & #4 Flashcards
Regional and Interregional Interactions (POST - CLASSICAL) 600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. // Global Migrations (EARLY MODERN) 1450 - 1750 C.E.
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| 9866980636 | Byzantium [Buzzwords] | E. Roman Empire / Constantinople (TRADE) / Hagia Sophia / Centralized / Theocracy / Eastern Orthodox Church | 0 | |
| 9867005265 | Byzantium [Collapse] | - SLOW - Constant wars = $ - 4th Crusade = sacked - 1453 Ottomans conquer | 1 | |
| 9867023141 | Justinian | Justinian Code / Theodora / Expanded Territory / Hippodrome (chariot races) | 2 | |
| 9867035664 | Kievan Rus [Buzzwords] | 800 C.E. contact w/Vikings / Law Code / Cyrillic alphabet - brought by Christian missionaries / Trade w/Byzantines / E. Orthodox Christianity | 3 | |
| 9867079895 | Kievan Rus [Collapse] | Depended on trade w/Byzantines = cut off w/1453 Ottoman victory | 4 | |
| 9867096645 | Novgorod [Buzzwords] | Kievan Rus city / TRADE = agricultural products / Located @ rivers connecting Black -> Baltic Sea | 5 | |
| 9867101476 | Novgorod [Collapse] | 15th Century taken by Russians | 6 | |
| 9867087193 | Beginning of Islam | Muhammad = prophet / Saudi Arabia / Mecca & Medina / Allah / 5 Pillars / Quran / Less patriarchal | 7 | |
| 9867150655 | Sunni / Shi'a Split | Muhammad left no successor / Sunni = rightly guided person / Shi'a = blood relative to Muhammad / Still split today! | 8 | |
| 9867166250 | People of the Books | Granted religious freedom by the Muslims / Christians & Jews / Book = Bible / TAXED | 9 | |
| 9867176617 | Umayyad Empire [Buzzwords] | Capital = Damascus / @ height control territory from Indus River to Spain - largest empire in history after Rome / Sunni rulers | 10 | |
| 9867196778 | Umayyad Empire [Collapse] | Weak leaders / Corruption / Conquered by Abbasid | 11 | |
| 9867202804 | Sufism | Mystical Form of Islam / began in Umayyad b/c objected to luxurious life of rulers / spread to Persia & India / personal connection to god | 12 | |
| 9867228809 | Abbasid Empire [Buzzwords] | Capital = Baghdad / GOLDEN AGE - Science & Poetry (Persian) / Religious tolerance / Sunni rulers | 13 | |
| 9867248755 | Abbasid Empire [Collapse] | Tax collect = hard b/c of size / Invasions - Turks, crusaders, & Mongols | 14 | |
| 9867282338 | Islam on Iberian Peninsula [Buzzwords] | Spain / Capital = Cordoba / Spread stopped @ Battle of Tours (France) / Trade (dhow) / Library / Architecture (Alhambra) | 15 | |
| 9885851999 | Islam on Iberian Peninsula [Collapse] | Spanish Reconquista - kicked out all Muslims & Jews (Ferdinand & Isabel) | 16 | |
| 9885864266 | Dar al Islam | Muslim World | 17 | |
| 9885867008 | Bantu Migration | Left W. Africa @ 3,000 B.C.E. / River travel (canoes) to W. & Cent. Africa / Spread - disease (malaria), LANGUAGE, metallurgy, ancestor worship | 18 | |
| 9885899144 | Trans-Saharan Trade Routes | Merchants from SW Asia (Middle East) travel/w camels / African gold, ivory, slaves for salt, textiles, horses | 19 | |
| 9885916344 | Indian Ocean Trade Routes | - W./E. coast of African Swahili city-states (Mogadishu, Kilwa, etc.) - Monsoons = allow trade w/SE Asia | 20 | |
| 9885942043 | Swahili city-states | E. coast of Africa (Mogadishu, Kilwa, Zanzibar) / Swahili = "coasters" / Trade ivory, gold, slaves for cotton & porcelain | 21 | |
| 9885971721 | Ghana [Buzzwords] | W. Africa / Traded w/Muslims - Gold, Ivory for Salt, Copper, Textiles / Centralized govt. | 22 | |
| 9885979214 | Ghana [Collapse] | Weakened by war - replaced by Mali | 23 | |
| 9885984344 | Mali [Buzzwords] | W. Africa / $ from trade & taxes / Timbuktu = Islamic center of learning / Sundiata = founder / Mansa Musa = hajj to Mecca | 24 | |
| 9886001475 | Mali [Collapse] | Decline after death of Mansa Musa - replaced by Songhay | 25 | |
| 9885998164 | Zimbabwe [Buzzwords] | E. Africa @ Zambezi & Limpopo Rivers / Great Zimbabwe = great city | 26 | |
| 9886024722 | Zimbabwe [Collapse] | Overgrazing of land led to abandoning city | 27 | |
| 9886032565 | Syncretism (Examples) | 1. Swahili = Bantu & Arabic 2. Ethiopian Christianity = Christianity & native beliefs 3. Neo-Confucianism = Confucianism & Buddhism/Daoism | 28 | |
| 9886048732 | Griot | Sub-Saharan Africa / Oral storytellers / preserved history | 29 | |
| 9886054849 | Axum | Ethiopia / Christianity / Terrace Farming | 30 | |
| 9886061635 | Sui Dynasty [Buzzwords] | Ended 400 yrs of chaos after fall of Han / Grand Canal / Extended Great Wall / Forced labor on public works | 31 | |
| 9886072804 | Sui Dynasty [Collapse] | Short - lasted 40 yrs / High taxes for public works / Emperor killed | 32 | |
| 9886092689 | Hangzhou | Chinese city @ end of Grand Canal / center of trade in Sui Dynasty | 33 | |
| 9886099320 | Tang Dynasty [Buzzwords] | Period of peace / expanded territory / tribute empire / Bureaucracy / Civil Service Exams / Spread Buddhism / Kowtow = bow | 34 | |
| 9886113080 | Tang Dynasty [Collapse] | - Military rebellion - Invasions by Uighurs | 35 | |
| 9886140014 | Champa Rice | Fast-ripening rice - 2 crops per year / Tang Dynasty get via trade w/Vietnam | 36 | |
| 9886152123 | Song Dynasty [Buzzwords] | Bureaucracy & meritocracy increase b/c gave opps. for education / Inventions = flying money, gunpowder, mag. Compass / Foot binding | 37 | |
| 9886172848 | Song Dynasty [Collapse] | - Scholar gentry lack military knowledge - Mongols invade | 38 | |
| 9886177799 | Neo-Confucianism | Song Dynasty / Syncretic Confucianism & Daoism / Buddhism / spread to Japan, Korea, Vietnam | 39 | |
| 9886209144 | Yuan Dynasty (MONGOLS) [Buzzwords] | Genghis = expanded - siege weapons & horses / Pax Mongolica / Inventions - stirrup & horse collar / Kublai = Yuan / Golden Hoarde - Russia | 40 | |
| 9886227691 | Yuan Dynasty (MONGOLS) [Collapse] | Peasant Revolt - White Lotus / over-expansion / mistrusted by Chinese | 41 | |
| 9886236799 | Sinification | Extensive adaptations of Chinese culture in other regions; Korea & Japan = :D ; Vietnam = D: | 42 | |
| 9886257282 | Japan in PC | Fear of Chinese power / Taika Reforms = increase power of central govt. - failed / Feudalism = daimyo (lords); bushido (code of cinduct) | 43 | |
| 9886282046 | Korea in PC | Sinification / Tribute payments to China / Confucianism / Buddhism / Writing / Bureaucracy = not merit based as in China | 44 | |
| 9886269215 | Vietnam in PC | Sinification = limited - Buddhism & education in Chinese lang. / Nuclear family / decentralized | 45 | |
| 9886314177 | Charlemagne | Holy Roman Empire / Carolingian / Frank = defeated Muslim @ Tours / Holy Barbarian b/c forced conversion to Christianity | 46 | |
| 9886350267 | European Feudalism | Manorialism / King-Vassals-Knights-Serfs / Chivalry / Guilds / Fields = land / 3-field system / Hanseatic league = trade alliance | 47 | |
| 9886411201 | Great Schism | Split of Christianity - Roman Catholicism v. East Orthodox | 48 | |
| 9886425721 | Renaissance | Italy to N. Europe / Patrons (pope = #1) / Humanism - Erasmus "Praise of Folly" / Copernicus - Heliocentric theory | 49 | |
| 9886496575 | Crusades | Christianity v. Islam / Holy Land / 4 Total / 4th Venice crusade sacked Constantinople | 50 | |
| 9886454432 | Aztecs [Buzzwords] | Chinampas / Tenochtitlan / Hman Sacrifice - fuels expansion / Trade Tribute economy / Pochteca (long-distance merchants) | 51 | |
| 9886468599 | Aztecs [Collapse] | Conquered peoples mad Europeans - Cortez | 52 | |
| 9886492369 | Inca [Buzzwords] | Waru waru = terraces / mita = public service / Peru Quecha = language / Huacas = shrines / ancestor worship / Quipu (knot method to record info)/ Carpa Nan =roads | 53 | |
| 9886552836 | Inca [Collapse] | - Europeans - Pizarro - DISEASES & WEAPONS - **Aztecs too! | 54 | |
| 9886577361 | Ibn Batuta | Moroccan Traveler / Africa, Middle East, & China / journal "The Travels" | 55 | |
| 9886592876 | Marco Polo | Italian traveler / Mongol Court / Kublai Khan / wrote history of the Mongols | 56 | |
| 9886602049 | Xuanzang | Chinese traveler / Buddhist monk / India / journal of travels | 57 | |
| 9886615458 | Polynesian Migrations | Deliberate movement of Polynesians throughout the Pacific / Philippines -> New Zealand -> Samoa -> Hawaii -> / Carried plants (yams), animals (pigs), language / large 2 build hulled-boats w/sails | 58 | |
| 9886741208 | Renaissance | Italy b/c of $ / DaVinci = Last Supper & Mona Lisa / Michelangelo = Sistine Chapel & David | 59 | |
| 9886760553 | Protestant Reformation | Started b/c of problems w/Catholic Church / Use Latin not vernacular, wealth of Church, & corruption | 60 | |
| 9886771017 | Luthernaism | Martin Luther / 95 Theses / Faith = Salvation / No indulgences / 1st Protestant religion | 61 | |
| 9886779875 | Calvinism | John Calvin / Predestination / Lazy = hell; hardworking = heaven / Spread Protestianism | 62 | |
| 9886790529 | Anglican (Church of England) | Henry VIII / Broke from Church b/c he wanted a DIVORCE b/c he had no male heir / Act of Supremacy | 63 | |
| 9886799025 | Catholic Reformation | Counter Protestantism / Jesuits = missionaries / Inquisition = Catholic Court / Council of Trent = reaffirm Church teaching & ended indulgences | 64 | |
| 9886821157 | Edict of Nantes | France / Religious Freedom to Huguenots (Protestants) / Ended by Louis XIV | 65 | |
| 9886843155 | 30 Years War | Protestants v. Catholics / Germany / Peace of Westphalia - Treaty to end war | 66 | |
| 9886853044 | Schism - Christianity in Europe | Disagreements over role of faith, role of the clergy & pope, and how to interpret the Bible - causes Roman Catholic/Protestant split | 67 | |
| 9886863151 | Absolutism | Monarch has ALL power / Divine Right / Centralization of power - reduces nobles' power | 68 | |
| 9886887235 | Louis XIV | Absolute monarch / France / Symbol of Power = Versailles / Intendants = replace nobles in govt. jobs / "L'etat, c'est moi" (I am the state) / Left France bankrupt | 69 | |
| 9886934349 | Peter the Great | Absolute monarch / Russia / Symbol of Power = WESTERNIZATION / St. Petersburg = warm water pot & "Window to the West" | 70 | |
| 9886954257 | Scientific Revolution | Northern Europe / Ideas & Theories should be based on Reason & Observation / Inspired by Renaissance | 71 | |
| 9886963925 | Scientific Thinkers | Copernicus = Heliocentric Theory / Newton = Gravity & Calculus / Kepler = Planetary Motion | 72 | |
| 9886977021 | Enlightenment | Inspired by Scientific Rev / Look @ the "human" world w/Reason & Observation / France / Scholasticism = faith & reasons relationship | 73 | |
| 9887003734 | Enlightenment Thinkers | Locke = natural rights / Voltaire = freedom of speech, religion, etc. / Rousseau = Social Conduct / Montesquieu = Separation of Powers - 3 Branches of govt. | 74 | |
| 9887054116 | Mercantilism | Economic theory / more money = more power / Based on favorable balance of trade | 75 | |
| 9887071467 | Capitalism | Adam Smith / "Wealth of Nations"/ Neg. effect = gap between rich and poor grows | 76 | |
| 9887077707 | Communism/Socialism | Reaction to the neg. effects of capitalism / Karl Marx / "Das Kapital" and "Communist Manifesto" / Poor will rise up, take over the means of production and start a classless society | 77 | |
| 9887098073 | Commercial Revolution | Transformation of commerce from local, small-scale trading mostly based on barter to large-scale international trade based on gold & silver | 78 | |
| 9887112327 | What motivated men to explore? | 3 G's (God, Gold, Glory) / Italian control of Med. Sea Trade - get rid of middlemen / Invention - caravel, astrolabe, lanteen sail, and compass | 79 | |
| 9887137557 | Prince Henry the Navigator | Portugal / DID NOT SAIL / Funded a navigation school and voyages | 80 | |
| 9887147187 | Bartolomeo Diaz | Portugal / 1st to round Cape of Good Hope | 81 | |
| 9887151278 | Vasco deGama | Portugal / 1st to sail around Africa to India/ spices | 82 | |
| 9887158174 | Ferdinand Magellan | 1st to CIRCUMNAVIGATE or sail around the world | 83 | |
| 9887168147 | Columbian Exchange (CE) | Widespread sharing of animals, plants, cultures, ideas, tech, diseases between the east & west hemisphere after Columbus discovered Americas | 84 | |
| 9887196100 | (CE) East -> West | Livestock, Grains, & Disease - killed 90% of native population | 85 | |
| 9887214194 | (CE) West -> East | Corn, Potato, Tomato - cheap and grow in many climates | 86 | |
| 9887242742 | Hacienda | Spanish plantation in the "new" world | 87 | |
| 9887246189 | Encomienda | Coercive Labor - use of natives as labor on plantations and silver mines (Potosi) | 88 | |
| 9887254868 | Silver | Currency / increase need for slave labor in "new" world / causes inflation & economic problems in Spain | 89 | |
| 9887263063 | Sugar | Most important cash crop grown in Latin America / led to a major increase in slave labor | 90 | |
| 9887289807 | Decline of the Aztecs | Cortez / Spanish conquistador / Searching for Gold / Weapons / Natives (enemies of Aztecs) / Disease | 91 | |
| 9887341218 | Decline of the Inca | Pizarro /Spanish conquistador / Searching for Gold / Atahualpa - Incan leader assassinated / Weapons / Disease | 92 | |
| 9887358933 | Treaty of Tordesillas | Pope divided the new world between Spain & Portugal to avoid war | 93 | |
| 9887363889 | Social Structure of Latin America | 1. Viceroy (governor) 2. Peninsulares = Spaniards born in Spain 3. Creoles = Born in New Spain of Spanish parents 4. Mestizo = Born of Spanish and Nati. Am. parents 5. Mulatto = Born of Spanish and African parents 6. Natives & Slaves | 94 | |
| 9887429439 | Creoles | Offspring of natives Spaniards (Peninsulares) born in the Americas | 95 | |
| 9887437665 | Songhay Empire | Africa - Niger River / Sunni Ali = ruler / Muslim / Literature "Epic of Sundiata" / Timbuktu | 96 | |
| 9887448782 | Triangular Trade | Route 1 = Europe to Africa (Manufactured Good) Route 2 = Africa to Americas (Slaves) Middle Pass Route 3 = Americas to Europe (Raw Materials) | 97 | |
| 9887471868 | Indian Ocean Slave Trade | E. Africa -> Middle East & India / Similar conditions to the Atlantic Slave Trade / Cultural Diffusion | 98 | |
| 9887486040 | Tartars | Russian term for Mongols / Cut off Russia from outside world / Tribute Empire = princes became wealthy as tax collectors used $ to defeat Mongols | 99 | |
| 9887500038 | Boyars | Russian nobles -> gained control after defeat of the Mongols / Ivan III = 1st tsar | 100 | |
| 9887511546 | Ivan IV | "Ivan the Terrible" / secret police / expanded territory to Siberia using Cossacks / Left no heir - Russia enters time of trouble | 101 | |
| 9887525108 | Catherine the Great | Enlightened Despot / wanted to reform Russia, but reacted to uprisings severely / expanded territory | 102 | |
| 9887552680 | Ottoman Empire (Gunpowder) [Buzzwords] | - Mehmed II / Trade / Sunni Islam / Conquered Constantinople = Istanbul / Devshirme = Christian boys conscripted to be Janissaries (elite military) | 103 | |
| 9887615464 | Ottoman Empire (Gunpowder) [Collapse] | Succession of weak rulers led to a slow decline. SLOW | 104 | |
| 9887538225 | Safavid Empire (Gunpowder) [Buzzwords] | Iran (Persia) / Shi'a Islam / Shah Abbas (leader) / Isfahan (capital) | 105 | |
| 9887629755 | Safavid Empire (Gunpowder) [Collapse] | Poor rulers after death of Abbas = conquered by Ottomans & Russians - FAST | 106 | |
| 9887662611 | Mughal Empire [Buzzwords] | Akbar = religious tolerance / Rulers = Muslim / Subjects = Hindu / Shah Jahan & Taj Mahal / Aurangzeb = "All Wrong" - Religious persecution | 107 | |
| 9887683087 | Mughal Empire [Collapse] | Corruption & weak rulers - left door open for British colonization | 108 | |
| 9887712194 | Ming Dynasty [Buzzwords] | Defeated Mongols / Expanded Territory / Promote Confucianism & Service Exams / Restored Great Wall | 109 | |
| 9887724131 | Ming Dynasty [Collapse] | Famine = peasant revolt - Manchus invasion | 110 | |
| 9887691295 | Zhneg He | Chinese explorer / Muslim / Ming Dynasty / Exploration was ended b/c $ needed to go to defense against land invasions -> led to building of Great Wall | 111 | |
| 9887782482 | Qing Dynasty | Manchus / Queues = braided ponytails (mandatory) / Spheres of influence set up to control foreign trade / LAST DYNASTY! | 112 | |
| 9887819395 | Japan in the Early Modern | Isolationism / Tokugawa Shogunate resisted foreign influence / Shogunate = military dynasty / Feudal | 113 | |
| 9887829346 | Sinification | Adoption of Chinese Culture / Korea = heavy influence; Japan = adopted certain things (writing); Vietnam = initially open but later rejected it | 114 | |
| 9887841245 | Syncretism | Combining of belief systems / Vodun = Vodoo & Christianity / Sikhism = Hinduism & Islam | 115 |