AP World History Islam Flashcards

14971993512	Mecca	the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace and site of the Ka'ba; pilgrimage site	0
14971993513	Muhammad	the founder of the Islam religion; to Muslims, Muhammad is the ultimate and final prophet; born into nomadic trading community and raised by his uncle. Had contact with Christianity and Judaism. Recieved revelations from angel Gabriel and developed following.	1
14971993514	Islam	the monotheistic religion of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th century and based on the teachings of Muhammad as laid down in the Koran; based on egalitarianism, ethical codes giving importance to charity, and tolerance.	2
14971993515	Medina	City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca.	3
14971993516	Umma	The community of all Muslims. A major innovation against the background of seventh-century Arabia, where traditionally kinship rather than faith had determined membership in a community.	4
14971993517	Muslim	a believer or follower of Islam	5
14971993518	Caliphate	Office established in succession to the Prophet Muhammad, to rule the Islamic empire	6
14971993519	Quran	Book composed of divine revelations made to the Prophet Muhammad ; the sacred text of the religion of Islam.	7
14971993520	Umayyad Caliphate	First hereditary dynasty of Muslim caliphs (661 to 750). From their capital at Damascus, the Umayyads ruled one of the largest empires in history that extended from Spain to India. Overthrown by the Abbasid Caliphate.	8
14971993521	Shi'ites	Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali. Shi'ism is the state religion of Iran.	9
14971993522	Sunnis	Muslims belonging to branch of Islam believing that the community should select its own leadership. The majority religion in most Islamic countries.	10
14971993523	Abbasid Caliphate	Descendants of the Prophet Muhammad's uncle, al-Abbas, the Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate and ruled an Islamic empire from their capital in Baghdad (founded 762) from 750 to 1258.	11
14971993524	Hijrah	Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina; this event marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar	12
14971993525	Shari'ah	the code of law derived from the Koran and from the teachings and example of Mohammed	13
14971993527	Caliph	a supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government	14