AP Biology chapter 12 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 8000602688 | binary fission | form of asexual reproduction and cell division used by all prokaryotes (bacteria and archaebacteria) and some organelles within eukaryotic organisms |  | 0 |
| 8000602689 | stages of the cell cycle | G1, S, G2, M |  | 1 |
| 8000602690 | G1 Phase | cell prepares itself for synthesis stage of cycle, making sure it has all the necessary raw materials for DNA synthesis | 2 | |
| 8000602691 | S Phase | DNA is copied | 3 | |
| 8000602692 | G2 Phase | cell prepares itself for mitosis and or meiosis, making sure it has all materials needed | 4 | |
| 8000602693 | M Phase | mitotic phase; cell separates into two new cells | 5 | |
| 8000602694 | Mitosis | the cell takes the second copy of DNA made during the S phase and divides it equally between two cells | 6 | |
| 8000602695 | Stages of Mitosis | Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis |  | 7 |
| 8000602696 | Prophase | nucleus and nucleolus disappear; chromosomes appear as two identical, connected sister chromatids. Mitotic spindle begins to form. In animal cells, centrioles move to opposite poles of cell |  | 8 |
| 8000602697 | Prometaphase | some spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes. |  | 9 |
| 8000602698 | Metaphase | the sister chromatids line up along the middle of the cell |  | 10 |
| 8000602699 | Anaphase | the split sister chromatids move via the microtubules to the opposing poles of the cell |  | 11 |
| 8000602700 | Telophase | the nuclei for the newly split cells form |  | 12 |
| 8000602701 | Cytokinesis | newly formed daughter cells split apart, separation of cytoplasm Animal: cleavage furrow Plant: cell plate |  | 13 |
| 8000602702 | chromatin | raw material that gives rise to the chromosomes | 14 | |
| 8000602703 | cell plate | plant cell structure, constructed in golgi apparatus, composed of vesicles that fuse together along middle of cell, completing separation process | 15 | |
| 8000602704 | cleavage furrow | groove formed between two daughter cells that pinches together to complete separation of two cells after mitosis | 16 | |
| 8000602705 | mitotic spindle | apparatus constructed from microtubules that assist the cell in physical separation of chromosomes | 17 | |
| 8000602706 | checkpoints | throughout the cell cycle where the cell verifies that there are enough nutrients and raw materials to progress to the next stage of the cycle | 18 | |
| 8000602707 | density-dependent inhibition | when a certain density of cells is reached, growth of cells will slow or stop because there are not enough raw materials to make new cells or have them survive | 19 | |
| 8000602708 | growth factors | some cells will not divide if certain factors are absent; factors stimulate growth | 20 |