AP Language Vocab Flashcards

12085684460	ad hominem fallacy	diversionary tactic of attacking the character of your opponent.	0
12085715130	ad populum fallacy	"everyone else is doing it so we should too"	1
12085731320	alliteration	Repeating the same sound beginning several words or syllables in a sentence	2
12085773799	allusion	A reference to another work of literature, person, work of art, or event	3
12085781456	analogy	A comparison of two different things that are similar in some way, oftentimes used to explain difficult concepts	4
12085810440	anaphora	repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines	5
12085826829	anecdote	a brief story used to illustrate a point or claim	6
12085837398	antimetabole	Repetition of words in reverse order	7
12085850626	antithesis	opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction	8
12085863790	logical fallacy of appeal to false authority	When someone who has no experience on the issue is cited as an authority	9
12085880043	archaic dictation	old-fashioned or outdated choice of words	10
12085890224	argument	A process of reasoned inquiry; a persuasive discourse resulting in a coherent and considered movement from a claim to a conclusion.	11
12085903790	assertion	a statement that presents a claim or thesis	12
12085913479	asyndeton	omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words	13
12085934917	backing	further assurances or data without which the assumption lacks authority	14
12085948875	begging the question fallacy	when a claim is based on evidence or support that hasn't been proven.	15
12085973362	circular reasoning fallacy	when the argument repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence	16
12085992446	classical oration	5 part argument structure used by classical rhetoricians	17
12086010584	What are the 5 parts of classical oration?	introduction, narration, confirmation, refutation, conclusion	18
12086023621	What is the narration part of classical oration?	Provides facts and background information, establishes why the subject is a problem that needs to be addressed	19
12086039617	closed thesis	a statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make	20
12086072789	complex sentence	a sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause	21
12086099948	compound sentence	a sentence with at least 2 independent clauses	22
12086113812	concession	acknowledging that the opposing argument may be true or reasonable	23
12086134608	confirmation part of classical oration	major part of the text, proves the writer's case	24
12086149601	counterargument	opposing argument to the one the writer is putting forward	25
12086165170	cumulative sentence	sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on	26
12086182226	deduction	logical process where you reach a conclusion by starting with a general principle/universal truth and applying it to a specific case	27
12086200203	diction	word choice	28
12086210506	either/or fallacy	the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices	29
12086226809	enthymeme	a syllogism with one of the premises implied and taken for granted as understood	30
12086246079	equivocation fallacy	uses a term with 2 or more meanings in an attempt to misrepresent or deceive.	31
12086268034	exordium	The introduction to an argument in a classical oration. Announces the subject and purpose, appeals to ethos.	32
12086286764	faulty analogy fallacy	when an analogy compares two things that are not comparable	33
12086299540	figurative language	nonliteral language	34
12086311903	first-hand evidence	evidence based on something the writer knows from personal experience, observation, or general knowledge	35
12086338672	hasty generalization fallacy	a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence	36
12086355991	hortative sentence	sentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action	37
12086363438	hyperbole	deliberate exaggeration	38
12086377615	imperative sentence	sentence used to command or enjoin	39
12086385965	inductive reasoning	logical process in which you use specific cases to draw a larger conclusion. Generalization.	40
12086407076	inversion	Inverted order of words in a sentence	41
12086419972	irony	when the opposite of what is expected happens	42
12086430683	juxtaposition	placement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences	43
12086448753	metaphor	figure of speech that compares two things without using like or as	44
12086466311	metonymy	figure of speech in which something is represented by another thing that is related to it or emblematic of it.	45
12086489720	modifier	an adjective, adverb, phrase, or clause that modifies a noun, pronoun, or verb. The purpose is usually to describe, focus, or qualify.	46
12086528395	open thesis	a thesis that does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in the essay	47
12086544724	oxymoron	a paradox made up of two seemingly contradictory words	48
12086556652	paradox	a statement that seems contradictory but is ironically true	49
12086569099	parallelism	similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses	50
12086578808	periodic sentence	sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end	51
12086591132	peroration	the final part of the argument in classical oration. Follows the refutation, appeals to pathos, draws audience towards the conclusion	52
12086620175	polemic	person who won't admit merit of opposing argument, aggressive argument.	53
12086644297	polysyndeton	deliberate use of multiple conjugations between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words	54
12086669145	post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy	claim that something is a cause just because it happened earlier	55
12086690109	qualified argument	An argument that is not absolute. It acknowledges the merits of an opposing view, but develops a stronger case for its own position.	56
12086705195	qualifier	person who uses words like usually, probably, maybe, and most likely in order to make the claim absolute	57
12086735968	qualitative evidence	evidence supported by reason, tradition, or precedent	58
12086744769	quantitative evidence	evidence that can be measured cited, counted, or otherwise represented in numbers	59
12086764424	reservation	explains the terms and conditions necessitated by the qualifier	60
12086777432	Rogerian argument	argument based on the assumption that you must understand the opposition in order to respond to it persuasively and without alienating them.	61
12086805083	scheme	artful syntax; a deviation from the normal order of words	62
12086827274	second hand evidence	evidence accessed through research, reading, and investigation	63
12086836136	simile	a figure of speech used to explain or clarify an idea buy comparing it explicitly to something else, using the words like or as.	64
12086857863	straw man fallacy	when the speaker chooses a deliberately poor or oversimplified example in order to ridicule/refute an idea	65
12086877220	syllogism	a logical structure that uses the major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion	66
12087609738	synecdoche	figure of speech that uses a part to represent the whole	67
12087622390	syntax	the arrangement of words into phrases, clauses, and sentences.	68
12087643594	synthesize	combining two or more ideas in order to create something more complex in support of a new idea	69
12087686150	tone	a speaker's attitude towards the subject conveyed by the speaker's stylistic and rhetorical choices.	70
12087702109	Toulmin model	an approach to analyzing and constructing arguments: because (evidence as support), therefore (claim), since (warrant or assumption), on account of (backing), unless (reservation)	71
12087744595	trope	artful diction, a figure of speech	72
12087762358	warrant	In the Toulmin model, expresses the assumption shared by the speaker and the audience	73
12087787958	zeugma	use of two different words in a grammatically similar way that produces different, often incongruous, meanings	74
12087830379	What is this an example of? "You should vote for Rachelle Ray- she has a strong lead in the polls."	ad populum (bandwagon)	75
12087863106	"Let us go forth to lead the land we love." - John F. Kennedy What is this an example of?	alliteration	76
12087887267	"let both sides unite to heed in all corners of the earth the command of Isaiah..." -JFK What is this an example of?	allusion	77
12087900804	"as birds have flight, our special gift is reason." What is this an example of?	analogy	78
12087913551	"...not a call to bear arms, though arms we need-not as a call to battle, though embattled we are..." -JfK What is this an example of?	anaphora	79
12087956432	"Ask not what your country can do for you-ask what you can do for your country." -JFK What is this an example of?	antimetabole	80
12087985212	"We shall... support any friend, oppose any foe.." - JFK What is this an example of?	antithesis	81
12088017237	"According to former congressional leader Joe Shmoe, the Himalayas have an estimated Yeti population of between 300 and 500 individuals." What is this an example of?	Appeal to false authority	82
12088037144	"Fourscore and seven years ago..." -Abraham Lincoln What is this an example of?	archaic diction	83
12088203353	"We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and success of liberty" -JFK What is this an example of?	Asyndeton	84
12088248931	"Giving students easy access to a wealth of facts and resources online allows them to develop critical thinking skills." What is this an example of?	begging the question fallacyou Y	85
12088272388	"You can't give me a C; I'm an A student" What is this an example of?	Circular reasoning	86
12088323513	"The three-dimensional characters, exciting plot, and complex themes of the Harry Potter series make them not only legendary children's books but also enduring literary classics." What is this an example of?	a closed thesis	87
12088361097	"If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich." -JFK What is this an example of?	a complex sentence	88
12088427047	"The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it and the glow from that fire can truly light the world." -JFK What is this an example of?	a compound sentence	89
12088489152	"But neither can two great and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present course-both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war." -JFK What is this an example of?	a cumulative sentence	90
12088536492	"Exercise contributes to better health. Yoga is a type of exercise. Therefore, yoga contributes to better health." What is this an example of?	deductive reasoning	91
12088557826	"either we agree to higher taxes, or our grandchildren will be mired in debt." What is this an example of?	either/or fallacy	92
12088585250	"You should take her class because I learned so much from her last year." What is this an example of?	enthymeme"	93
12088612884	"We will bring our enemies to justice, or we will bring justice to them." What is this an example of?	equivocation	94
12088651496	"Smoking isn't bad for you; my great aunt smoked a pack a day and she lived to be 90." What is this an example of?	a hasty generalization fallacy	95
12088769471	"Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us." -JFK What is this an example of?	Hortative sentence	96
12088807900	"My fellow citizens of the world; ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man." -JFK What is this an example of?	imperative sentence	97
12088837971	"Exercise promotes weight loss, lowers stress levels, and improves mood. Therefore, exercise contributes to better health." What is this an example of?	Inductive reasoning	98
12088867316	"United there is little we cannot due in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do." -JFK What is this an example of?	Inversion	99
12088889295	"If a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion..." -JFK What is this an example of?	metaphore	100
12088902648	"The pen is mightier than the sword." What is this an example of?	metonymy	101
12088995206	"Sprawling and dull in class, he comes alive in the halls and the cafeteria." -David Denby What is this an example of?	a modifier	102
12089020819	"The popularity of the Harry Potter series demonstrates that simplicity trumps complexity when It comes to the taste of readers, both young and old." What is this an example of?	an open thesis	103
12089062127	"To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge to support..." -JFK What is this an example of?	a periodic sentence	104
12089089986	"I payed for my plane ticket, and the taxes, and the fees, and the charge for the checked bag, and five dollars for a bottle of water." What is this an example of?	polysyndeton	105
12089159859	"When you open a book, you open your mind." What is this an example of?	zeugma	106