ch.3 AP language terms Flashcards

15085147163	ad hominem	a fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute	0
15085157651	ad populum	bandwagon appeal	1
15085161812	appeal to false authority	this fallacy occurs when someone who has no expertise to speak on an issue is cited as an authority	2
15085165720	argument	a process of reasoned inquiry; a persuasive discourse resulting in a coherent and considered movement from a claim to a conclusion	3
15085175119	assumption	a thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof.	4
15085179614	backing	further assurances or data without which the assumption lacks authority	5
15085197110	begging the question	a fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt	6
15085215325	circular reasoning	a fallacy in which the writer repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence	7
15085215326	claim	states the argument's main idea or position	8
15085224681	claim of fact	asserts that something is true or not true	9
15085232799	claim of policy	proposes a change	10
15085232800	claim of value	argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong	11
15085240629	classical oration	five-part argument structure used by classical rhetoricians	12
15085240630	introduction	(exordium) introduces the reader to the subject under discussion	13
15085247823	narration	(narratio) provides factual information and background material on the subject at hand	14
15085265250	confirmation	(confirmatio) the proof needed to make the writer's case	15
15085281088	refutation	(refutatio) addresses the counterargument	16
15085289564	conclusion	(peroratio) brings the essay to a close	17
15085301410	closed thesis	a statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make	18
15085308113	deduction	the process of moving from a general rule to a specific example	19
15085319985	either/or (false dilemma)	a fallacy in which the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices	20
15085323935	fallacy	a false or mistaken idea	21
15085327653	faulty analogy	a fallacy that occurs when an analogy compares two things that are not comparable	22
15085331570	first-hand evidence	evidence based on something the writer knows	23
15085339220	hasty generalization	a fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence	24
15085343709	induction	the process that moves from a given series of specifics to a generalization	25
15085347751	open thesis	one that does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in an essay	26
15085357758	post hoc ergo propter hoc	this fallacy is Latin for "after which therefore because of which," meaning that it is incorrect to always claim that something is a cause just because it happened earlier	27
15085367124	qualifier	uses words like usually, probably, maybe, in most cases, and most likely to temper the claim, making it less absolute	28
15085375967	quantitive research	research that provides data that can be expressed with numbers, such as ranks or scales	29
15085386161	rebuttal	a refutation or contradiction	30
15085390255	reservation	explains the terms and conditions necessitated by the qualifier	31
15085393204	Rogerian Argument	based on the assumption that having a full understanding of an opposing position is essential to responding to it persuasively and refuting it in a way that is accommodating rather than alienating	32
15085401333	second-hand evidence	evidence accessed through research, reading, and investigation	33
15085401334	straw man	a fallacy that occurs when a speaker chooses a deliberately poor or oversimplified example in order to ridicule and refute an idea	34
15085405690	syllogism	a logical structure that uses the major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion	35
15085414391	Toulmin Model	an approach to analyzing and constructing arguments	36