AP Human: Unit 1 Flashcards
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| 14912017427 | Geography | The study of where things are found on Earth's surface and the reasons for the locations. | 0 | |
| 14912017428 | Map | A two-dimensional or flat-scale model of Earth's surface, or a portion of it. | 1 | |
| 14912017429 | Cartography | The science of mapmaking. | 2 | |
| 14912017430 | Eratosthenes | The first person of record to use the word geography. | 3 | |
| 14912017431 | Map scale | The level of detail and the amount of area covered on a map. | 4 | |
| 14912017432 | Large-scale maps | Maps that show only a small portion of the Earth's surface. | 5 | |
| 14912017433 | Small-scale maps | Maps that show a large portion of the Earth's surface. | 6 | |
| 14912017434 | Projection | The scientific method of transferring locations on Earth's surface to a flat map. | 7 | |
| 14912017435 | Longitude | Distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees. | 8 | |
| 14912017436 | Latitude | Distance north or south of the equator, measured in degrees. | 9 | |
| 14912017437 | International Date Line | An imaginary line on the map that (for the most part) follows 180°. If you pass it heading eastward, you move the clock back 24 hours. If you pass it heading westward, you move the clock ahead 24 hours. | 10 | |
| 14912017438 | Geographic Information Science | Involves the development and analysis of data about Earth acquired through satellite and other electronic information technologies. | 11 | |
| 14912017439 | Remote sensing | The acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting Earth or from other long-distance methods. | 12 | |
| 14912017440 | Global Positioning System (GPS) | The system that accurately determines the precise position of something on Earth. | 13 | |
| 14912017441 | Geographic Information System (GIS) | A computer system that captures, stores, queries, analyzes, and displays geographic data. It can be used to produce maps that are more accurate and attractive than those drawn by hand. | 14 | |
| 14912017442 | Mashup | The practice of overlaying data from one source on top of one of the mapping services. | 15 | |
| 14912017443 | Location | The position that something occupies on Earth's surface. | 16 | |
| 14912017444 | Toponym | The name given to a place on Earth. | 17 | |
| 14912017445 | Site | The physical character of a place. Important characteristics include climate, water sources, topography, soil, vegetation, latitude, and elevation. | 18 | |
| 14912017446 | Situation | The location of a place relative to other places. | 19 | |
| 14912017447 | Region | An area of Earth defined by one or more distinctive characteristics. | 20 | |
| 14912017448 | Cultural landscape | A combination of cultural features such as language and religion, economic features such as agriculture and industry, and physical features such as climate and vegetation. | 21 | |
| 14912017449 | Formal/Uniform region | An area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics. | 22 | |
| 14912017450 | Functional/Nodal region | An area organized around a focal point. | 23 | |
| 14912017451 | Vernacular/Perceptual region | An area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity. | 24 | |
| 14912017452 | Culture | The body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people. | 25 | |
| 14912017453 | Globalization | A force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope. | 26 | |
| 14912017454 | Space | The physical gap or interval between two objects. | 27 | |
| 14912017455 | Distribution | The arrangement of a feature in space. | 28 | |
| 14912017456 | Pattern | The geometric arrangement of objects in space. | 29 | |
| 14912017457 | Hearth | A place from which an innovation originates. | 30 | |
| 14912017458 | Diffusion | The process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time. | 31 | |
| 14912017459 | Relocation diffusion | The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another. | 32 | |
| 14912017460 | Hierarchical diffusion | The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places. | 33 | |
| 14912017461 | Contagious diffusion | The rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population. | 34 | |
| 14912017462 | Distance decay | The farther away someone is from another, the less likely the two are to interract. | 35 | |
| 14912017463 | Space-time compression | The reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place. | 36 | |
| 14912017464 | Uneven development | The increasing gap in economic conditions between regions in the core and periphery that results from the globalization of the economy. | 37 | |
| 14912017465 | Renewable resource | A resource that is produced in nature more rapidly than it is consumed by humans. | 38 | |
| 14912017466 | Nonrenewable resource | A resource that is produced in nature more slowly than it is consumed by humans. | 39 | |
| 14912017467 | Sustainability | The use of Earth's renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in ways that ensure resource availability in the future. | 40 | |
| 14912017468 | Conservation | The sustainable use and management of Earth's natural resources to meet human needs such as food, medicine, and recreation. | 41 | |
| 14912017469 | Preservation | The maintenance of resources in their present condition. | 42 | |
| 14912017470 | Climate | The long-term average weather condition at a particular location. | 43 | |
| 14912017471 | Ecosystem | A group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres with which they interact. | 44 | |
| 14912017472 | Ecology | The scientific study of ecosystems. | 45 | |
| 14912017473 | Environmental determinism | The idea that the physical environment caused social development. | 46 | |
| 14912017474 | Cultural ecology | The geographic study of human-environment relationships. | 47 | |
| 14912017475 | Possibilism | The idea that the physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment. | 48 | |
| 14912017476 | Arithmetic Density | The total number of objects in an area. | 49 | |
| 14912017477 | Physiological Density | The number of people supported by a unit area of arable land. | 50 | |
| 14912017478 | Agricultural Density | The ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land. | 51 | |
| 14912017479 | Crude Birth Rate | The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in society. | 52 | |
| 14912017480 | Crude Death Rate | The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in society. | 53 | |
| 14912017481 | National Increase Rate | The percentage by which a population grows in a year. | 54 | |
| 14912017482 | Doubling Time | The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of national increase. | 55 | |
| 14912017483 | Total Fertility Rate | The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years. | 56 | |
| 14912017484 | Infant Mortality Rate | The annual number of deaths of infants under one year of age, compared with total live births. | 57 | |
| 14912017485 | Population Pyramid | A special bar graph that can visually display a country's distinctive population structure. | 58 | |
| 14912017486 | Dependency Ratio | The number of people who are too young or too old to work, compared to the number of people in their productive years. | 59 | |
| 14912017487 | Dependents | People aged 0-14 and over 65 years old. | 60 | |
| 14912017488 | Sex Ratio | The number of males per 100 females in the population. | 61 | |
| 14912050217 | Ptolemy | Produced maps that were not improved upon for more than 1,000 years, based on information collected by merchants and soldiers who traveled through the Roman Empire. | 62 | |
| 14912151735 | Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) | The time at the Prime Meridian. It is the master reference time for all points on Earth. | 63 | |
| 14912206779 | Transnational Corporation | A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters and principal shareholders are located. | 64 | |
| 14914949500 | Concentration | The extent of a feature's spread over space (clustered or dispersed). | 65 | |
| 14914975898 | Stimulus Diffusion | The spread of an underlying principle even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse. | 66 | |
| 14914992104 | Atmosphere | A thin layer of gases surrounding Earth. | 67 | |
| 14914996464 | Hydrosphere | All of the water on and near Earth's surface. | 68 | |
| 14914999708 | Lithosphere | Earth's crust and a portion of upper mantle directly below the crust. | 69 | |
| 14915007661 | Biosphere | All living organisms on Earth, including plants and animals, as well as microorganisms. | 70 | |
| 14915043811 | Intervening Opportunity | Something that causes a person who is migrating to stop at a place between the place they left and the place they intended to go. | 71 | |
| 14915046420 | Ecumene | The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement. | 72 | |
| 14915062618 | Arable | Describes land that is suitable for growing crops. | 73 | |
| 14915073075 | Temperate | A region or climate characterized by mild temperatures. | 74 | |
| 14915089930 | Thomas Malthus | Believed that the world's rate of population increase was far outrunning the development of food supplies. | 75 | |
| 14937265996 | Zero Population Growth | When the CBR declines to the point where it equals the CDR and the NIR approaches zero. | 76 | |
| 14937277670 | Pandemic | Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population. | 77 |