APES Unit 1 Flashcards

14962199459	Characteristics of the Desert	-Low annual precipitation, scattered unevenly throughout the year, slow plant growth, low species diversity	0
14962219781	3 types of deserts	-tropical desert -temperate desert -cold desert (based on temperature)	1
14962255685	Desert Survival	Plants: - dormancy -deep roots -storing water in leaves Animals- - Hiding in cool burrows - Dormancy	2
14962280271	Grassland Characteristics	Exist in continent interiors, areas are too moist to be a desert but too dry to be a forest	3
14962294880	3 Main types of Grasslands	-Tropical: Savanna, warm temps -Temperate: Cold winters, hot summers, both tall & short grass prairies -Cold (arctic/alpine tundra): plants grow close to conserve heat, short summer, thick furred animals	4
14962341688	Chaparral Characteristics	dry temperate biome, located in costal regions that border deserts, lots of short plants and animals, thin soil. adapted to occasional fires	5
14962361711	Forest characteristics	lands dominated by trees	6
14962372116	3 types of forests	Tropical, temperate, cold (coniferous and boreal)	7
14962378469	Tropical Rain Forest	hot, wet biome with year-round humidity; contains Earth's most diverse species of plants and animals. rapid recycling of scarce soil nutrients	8
14962450018	Harmful Effects of human disruption	-reduces biodiversity -speeds up climate change -changes regional weather patterns	9
14962462126	Temperate deciduous Forest	cooler temperatures, abundant moisture, broadleaf deciduous trees drop their leaves in autumn. (we live in this biome)	10
14962488095	Costal Coniferous Forest	aka Temperate Rain Forest, scattered in coastal regions, lots of rainfall and moisture from the fog, evergreen coniferous trees	11
14962751697	cold (northern) coniferous forest	aka boreal forests or taigas, south of the arctic tundra, cold winters and short summers	12
14962821719	Aquatic Systems	-saltwater and freshwater life zones -cover almost 3/4 of the earths surface -saltwater covers 71% of earths surface	13
14962914053	factors that determine aquatic biodiversity	-temperature -dissolved oxygen -availability of food -access to light and nutrients for photosynthesis	14
14968780302	Salt water ecosystems	-major ecosystem and economic service -irreplaceable -oceans provide more than 1/2 the oxygen we breathe	15
14968800159	3 major life zones in the ocean	-costal zone -open sea -ocean bottom	16
14968808252	open sea zones	euphotic, bathyal, abyssal	17
14968812147	euphotic zone	-photoplankton -low nutrient levels -high dissolved oxygen levels -upwelling (brings nutrients from below)	18
14968829699	Bathyal zone	-dim light -zooplankton & small fish -	19
14968835575	abyssal zone	-dark and cold -deepest -little dissolved oxygen	20
14968846368	net primary productivity	the rate at which biomass accumulates in an ecosystem	21
14968849262	NPP in oceans	low (except in upwelling)	22
14968859745	Estuaries	aquatic zone where the river meets the sea	23
14968881428	Costal Wetlands	costal land covered with water all or part of the year	24
14968892906	Seagrass beds	-occur in shallow costal water -host up to 60 species of grasses and plants -support a variety of marine species	25
14968916699	intertidal zone	area of shore between high and low tides	26
14968925762	rocky shores	pounded by waves	27
14968930071	barrier beaches (sandy shores)	organisms burrow, dig, or tunnel in the sand	28
14968937425	Coral Reefs	One of the most diverse and productive ecosystem -in warm costal waters -tiny animals -tiny animals (polyps) have a mutualistic relationship with the algae -provide a natural barrier to protect coastlines	29
14968977164	Freshwater ecosystems	lakes, ponds, inland wetlands (all lentic) streams & rives (lotic)	30
14968994839	Littoral zone (lake)	shallow water near shore where rooted plants grow (turtles, frogs, crayfish)	31
14969015125	limnetic zone (lake)	-open, sunlight area away from the shore -main photosynthetic zone	32
14969032262	Profundal Zone (lake)	-deep water too dark for photosynthesis -low oxygen levels	33
14969038348	benthic zone (lake)	-lake bottom -decomposers -nourished by dead matter	34
14969054283	Oligotrophic Lake	-low levels of nutrients and low NPP -clear water	35
14969058854	Eutrophic Lake	-high levels of nutrients -high NPP -shallow murky water	36
14969072742	Source Zone (rivers)	-shallow & cold -swiftly flowing streams -high dissolved oxygen -nutrients come from organic matter	37
14969087298	Transition Zone (rivers)	-wider -deeper -warmer -more turbid -less dissolved oxygen	38
14969096044	Floodplain zone	-wide -deep rivers that flow across broad, flat valleys -higher temps. -less dissolved oxygen -supports algae	39
14971409091	Hydrologic Cycle	collets, purifies, and distributes earth fixed supply of water	40
14971420759	How humans interact with the Hydrologic Cycle	-taking out large amounts of freshwater faster than nature can replace it -clearing vegetation -draining and filling wetlands for farming	41
14971431712	Carbon cycle	carbon basic building block of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, DNA, and other organic compounds -photosynthesis removes CO2 from the atmosphere -Some CO2 is dissolved in the ocean	42
14971456930	Human impact on Carbon Cycle	-added large quantities of CO2 to the atmosphere -clearing tress which reduces photosynthesis that takes extra CO2 from the atmosphere	43
14971469143	Nitrogen Cycle	The transfer of nitrogen from the atmosphere to the soil, to living organisms, and back to the atmosphere -bacteria converts nitrogen compounds back into nitrogen gas	44
14971520096	human impact on the nitrogen cycle	-burning gas and other fuels -removing large amounts of nitrogen from the atmosphere -adding excess nitrates (expected to continue rising)	45
14971543273	Phosphorous Cycle	Phosphorus cycles through water, the earths crust and living organisms (no atmospheric stage)	46
14971569588	Parts of an ecosystem	matter- biosphere, ecosystems, communities, populations, and organisms feeding level (trophic)- producers, or consumers Producers (autotrophs)- make needed nutrients from their environment	47
14971592795	Consumers (heterotrophs)	cannot make their own food primary- (herbivores) eat plants carnivores - eat other animals omnivores - eat plants & animals decomposers- consumers that release nutrients from wastes or dead plants/animals	48
14971631370	Where is the energy used stored?	glucose	49
14971684072	How does energy flow through ecosystems	in food chains and food webs	50
14971711133	laws of thermodynamics	1- energy can not be created or destroyed 2- whenever energy is changed from one form to another some energy is lost	51
14971737284	Pyramid of energy flow	-90% of energy is lost with each transfer -less chemical energy for higher trophic levels	52
14971747880	gross primary productivity	the rate at which an ecosystems producers convert solar energy to stored chemical energy	53
14971821686	Which biome contains plants that are adapted to prevent water loss due to the low average rainfall and high temperatures year around?	Desert	54
14971833261	Which biome is characterized by long dry seasons and is dominated by grasses, shrubs, and grazing animals	savanna	55
14971844803	Which biome is warm and wet, with little seasonal variation in temp. and frequent precipitation?	Tropical Rainforest	56
14971857573	What is true about aquatic biomes?	Freshwater biomes are a vital source of drinking water	57
14971875163	Which biome is best characterized as an area that forms the narrow band along the coast that experiences a range of environmental conditions?	intertidal zone	58
14971881803	Where is the majority of freshwater found on earth?	in ice caps and glaciers	59
14971897095	Abiotic/biotic components of a tropical rainforest	abiotic- rainfall, humidity biotic- grasses, trees, animals	60
14971908918	How does removing tress change climate over time?	by taking away a source of photosynthesis which decreases the amount of CO2 in the air this increasing the climate	61
14971923934	Why are microbes important?	help maintain ecological balance on Earth, live in humans and other animals to maintain health	62
14971937312	Why is a vegetarian diet more energy efficient than a meat based diet?	when consuming meat only 10% of the energy is being passed onto that organism in the tropic levels	63
14971950423	How much energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next?	about 10%	64
14971964755	What are the 3 most productive ecosystems?	estuaries, swamps, temperate rainforest	65
14972134775	How does dissolved oxygen get into the water?	1) diffusion 2) photosynthesis by aquatic plants	66