AP European History - Renaissance Flashcards

12095046199	The Renaissance	The period of artistic, cultural, and intellectual revival from 1300-1600; known as the beginning of modern history because it breaks from Medieval views.	0
12095046200	Jacob Burckhardt	A 19th century historian who claimed the Renaissance period stood in distinct contrast to the Middle Ages.	1
12095046201	The Medici Family	Most famous dynasty of merchants and bankers who used their wealth to govern city-states and patronize the arts.	2
12095046202	Cosimo de Medici	Allied with other powerful families of Florence and became the unofficial ruler of the republic.	3
12095046203	Lorenzo de Medici	Major patron of the arts.	4
12095046204	Duchy of Milan	Major enemy of Florence throughout much of the Renaissance.	5
12095046206	The Papal States	Controlled by the Renaissance Popes: Alexander VI (Borgia Pope), Julius II (Warrior Pope), and Leo X (Medici Pope).	6
12095046207	Girolamo Savonarola	Established theocracy in Florence after removal of Medici familiy.	7
12095046208	Niccolo Machiavelli	The Prince - Revolutionized politics by describing the methods to obtain and maintain power. Emphasized practical politics.	8
12095046209	Humanism	Stress education, intellect, and individualism; emphasis on the unique and creative personality. Man wrote on human behavior, not religion.	9
12095046210	Petrarch	Father of Humanism; Love Letters to Laura - First large group of writings unrelated to the Pope.	10
12095046211	Leonardo Bruni	Wrote history of Florence; first to use the term "humanism."	11
12095046212	Lorenzo Valla	On the False Donation of Constantine - Exposed false land claims of the Catholic Church.	12
12095046214	Pico della Mirandola	Oration on the Dignity of Man - Emphasized humans are capable of achieving great things and are made in God's image.	13
12095046215	Baldassare Castiglione	The Book of The Courtier - Emphasized ideas of the Renaissance Man: well read in classics, a gentleman, warrior, poet, musician, etc.	14
12095046216	Johann Gutenberg	Printing Press - Facilitated the spread of humanistic literature to the rest of Europe.	15
12095046217	New Artistic Techniques	Perspective, proportion, chiaroscuro (light/ shadow), individualism, sfumato (blur/ sharpening of lines), Greek/ Roman influence.	16
12095046219	Sandro Botticelli	Birth of Venus.	17
12095046220	Michelangelo	Brunelleschi's Dome, the Last Judgement.	18
12095046221	Raphael	School of Athens.	19
12095046222	Leonardo da Vinci	The Last Supper, Mona Lisa.	20
12095046223	Titian	Venus of Urbino.	21
12095046224	Ghiberti	The Gates of Paradise.	22
12095046225	Donatello	David.	23
12095046226	Filippo Brunelleschi	IL Duomo.	24
12095046227	Secularism	Emphasis on the here and now rather than the afterlife.	25
12095046228	Individualism	A sense of human power replaced religious awe, people now valued involvement instead of piety.	26
12095046230	Christian Humanism	Emphasis on early Church writings for answers to improve society, education, power of human intellect.	27
12095046231	Erasmus	In Praise of Folly - Criticized immorality and hypocrisy of Church leaders and the clergy.	28
12095046232	Thomas More	Utopia - Idea of an ideal society with harmony and order, but it lacked individual rights.	29
12095046233	Skepticism	Doubt that true knowledge could be obtained. Believed the skeptic must be cautious, critical, and suspend judgement.	30
12095046234	Cervantes	Don Quixote - Mocking the middle ages; critical of excessive religious idealism and chivalric romance.	31
12095046235	Brueghel	Hunters in the Snow.	32
12095046236	Jan Van Eyck	Arnold Fini and His Bride.	33
12095046237	Albrecht Durer	The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.	34
12095046238	Women in the Renaissance	Increased education, functioned as "ornaments" to their husbands and make themselves pleasing to the man, sexual-double standard imposed.	35
12095046239	Christine de Pisan	The City of Ladies - chronological accomplishments of great women in history.	36
12095046240	Isabella d'Este	Set an example for women to break away from their traditional roles, ruled after the death of her husband.	37
12095046241	Nuclear Family	A married couple and their unmarried children living together, no extended family.	38