AP Language and Composition Flashcards

12139935512	Ad Hominem Fallacy	when speakers attack the person making the argument and not the argument itself	0
12139940633	Ad Populum Fallacy	basing a claim on popular opinion	1
12139949407	Alliteration	Repetition of consonant sounds	2
12139955825	Allusion	A reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art	3
12139966878	Analogy	A comparison of two different things that are similar in some way	4
14687276910	Anaphora	the repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of consecutive lines or sentences	5
14687280491	Antimetabole	Repetition of words in reverse order	6
14687301639	Antithesis (Rhetoric)	a figure of speech in which a contrast of ideas is expressed by parallelism of words that are opposites ("hatred stirs up strife, but love covers all sins".)	7
14687304738	appeal to false authority fallacy	This fallacy occurs when someone who has no expertise to speak on an issue is cited as an authority.	8
14687312849	Archaic Diction	old-fashioned or outdated choice of words	9
14687316311	Asyndeton	omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words	10
14687319595	Audience	the listener, viewer, or reader of a text	11
14687321859	Circular Reasoning Fallacy	basing a claim on the same claim reworded in slightly different terms	12
14687325342	Claim	An assertion, usually supported by evidence	13
14687328007	Claim of fact	asserts that something is true or not true	14
14687333651	Claim of policy	proposes a change	15
14687336145	Claim of value	argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong	16
14687338114	classical oration	introduction, narration, confirmation, refutation, conclusion	17
14687340997	classification	The process of grouping things based on their similarities	18
14687342931	concession	Something given up or yielded	19
14687344312	connotation	the implied or associative meaning of a word	20
14687347097	counterargument thesis statement	a summary of the counterargument, usually qualified by although or but, precedes the writer's opinion	21
14687354647	Counterargument	A challenge to a position; an opposing argument	22
14687357055	cumulative sentence	sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on	23
14687363539	deductive reasoning	general to specific	24
14687365615	denotation	The dictionary definition of a word	25
14687368107	diction	A writer's or speaker's choice of words	26
14687370091	either/or fallacy	oversimplifying an issue as offering only two choices	27
14687373053	enumeratio	refers to the act of supplying a list of details about something	28
14687378047	ethos	beliefs or character of a group	29
14687381112	evidence	proof	30
14687388283	exigence	the reason the speech needs to be given	31
14687390563	faulty analogy fallacy	a comparison drawn between things that are dissimilar in some important way	32
14687395090	first-hand evidence	evidence based on something the writer knows	33
14687400043	formal diction	dignified, impersonal, and elevated use of language	34
14687404615	Hasty Generalization	A fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence.	35
14687405868	hortative sentence	sentence that calls to action	36
14687407301	hyperbole	exaggeration	37
14687413569	Hypophora	raising a question then proceeding to answer it	38
14687415625	imperative sentence	gives a command	39
14687419033	inductive reasoning	reasoning from detailed facts to general principles	40
14687421724	informal diction	found in relaxed but polite and cultivated conversation	41
14687423360	inversion	turning inward	42
14687425375	irony	A contrast between expectation and reality	43
14687427882	Juxtaposition	Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts	44
14687432636	litotes	understatement	45
14687434209	logical fallacy	a mistake in reasoning	46
14687438385	logos	an appeal based on logic or reason	47
14687439875	metaphor	A comparison without using like or as	48
14687441896	neutral diction	correct language characterized by directness and simplicity	49
14687444918	occasion	special event	50
14687448157	open thesis statement	one that does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in an essay	51
14687449165	Oxymoron	conjoining contradictory terms (as in 'deafening silence')	52
14687452883	parallelism	similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses	53
14687456244	pathos	Appeal to emotion	54
14687457982	periodic sentence	sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end	55
14687459834	Personification	the giving of human qualities to an animal, object, or idea	56
14687462057	polemical	controversial	57
14687465985	post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy	assumes that because one event happened after another, then the preceding event caused the event that followed	58
14687468968	Propaganda	Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause.	59
14687472436	purpose	the goal the speaker wants to achieve	60
14687474695	red herring fallacy	the use of irrelevant material to divert attention	61
14687476280	refutation	a denial of the validity of an opposing argument	62
14687480115	Rhetoric	effective writing or speaking	63
14687483818	rhetorical appeal	the persuasive device by which a writer tries to sway the audience's attention and response to any given work	64
14687485703	rhetorical question	A question asked merely for effect with no answer expected.	65
14687491301	rhetorical situation	a circumstance calling for a public response	66
14687493035	rhetorical triangle	A diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text.	67
14687494719	rogerian argument	acknowledges the validity of the opposition's positions rather than attacking them	68
14687496387	satire	A literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.	69
14687499089	second-hand evidence	evidence accessed through research, reading, and investigation	70
14687500654	simile	A comparison using "like" or "as"	71
14687502207	situational irony	An outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected	72
14687504540	speaker	creates and delivers a written, oral, visionary text	73
14687506767	straw man fallacy	a statement that refutes a claim that was never made	74
14687508579	subject	who or what the text is about	75
14687510291	Syllogism	three-part deduction	76
14687512581	Synecdoche	A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole	77
14687514981	text	written words	78
14687518540	thesis statement	a statement or sentence that states the purpose of a paper or essay	79
14687520611	tone	Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character	80
14687522032	toulmin model	an approach to analyzing and constructing arguments	81
14687523615	Understatement	A statement that says less than what is meant	82
14687526667	verbal irony	sarcasm	83
14687529400	zeugma	a figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses	84
14713504537	Context	The circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text.	85
14723821969	Persona	Greek for "mask." The face or character that a speaker shows to his or her audience.	86