AP Language - Unit 1 Flashcards

15240676169	Allusion	An indirect or passing reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary, or political significance. The writer expects that reader to have enough background knowledge to understand the allusion.	0
15240676170	Analogy	A comparison of two otherwise unlike things based on resemblance of a particular aspect.	1
15240676171	Anecdote	A usually short narrative of an interesting, amusing, or illustrative incident.	2
15240676172	Argument of degree	A simple argument that suggests people want more of a good thing and less of a bad thing.	3
15240676173	Artistic Appeal	An appeal based on reasoning rather than empirical evidence and requiring great skill.	4
15240676174	Audience	The intended, actual, and or invoked consumers of a text, speech or other form of media.	5
15240676175	Claim	An assertion open to challenge.	6
15240676176	Common sense reasoning	Reasoning based on practical wisdom rather than advanced logic.	7
15240676177	Cost benefit analysis	A system to resolve an argument by maximizing benefits and minimizing costs.	8
15240676178	Deliberative	Describes arguments which take place about future courses of action.	9
15240676179	Empty Rhetoric	Argument based on emotion and false promises rather than reason and substance.	10
15240676180	Enthymeme	A statement which makes a claim without stating or acknowledging an assumption upon which the claim is based.	11
15240676181	Epideictic	Describes arguments which take place about present times.	12
15240676182	Ethos	Part of the rhetorical triangle, appeals to credibility of the speaker or writer	13
15240676183	Exigence	The part of a rhetorical situation that inspires, stimulates, provokes, or prompts writers to create a text.	14
15240676184	Experiments	Testing a hypothesis in a controlled setting and recording empirical evidence.	15
15240676185	Expert Opinions	The perspective of a credible speaker who has ample prior knowledge. This perspective can support a claim provided the audience accepts the speaker as credible.	16
15240676186	Fact	A piece of information presented as having objective reality.	17
15240676187	Forensic	Describes arguments which take place about what happened in the past.	18
15240676188	Illustration	An example or instance that helps make something clear.	19
15240676189	Inartistic Appeal	An appeal based on self-evident empirical evidence and which therefore requires little skill.	20
15240676190	Logos	Part of the rhetorical triangle, appeals to logic and evidence.	21
15240676191	Metaphor	A figurative and indirect comparison between two unlike things.	22
15240676192	Pathos	Part of the rhetorical triangle, appeals to the emotions of the audience.	23
15240676193	Personal Experiences	A type of evidence base on direct participation in an event.	24
15240676194	Personal Observations	A type of evidence based on an eye-witness account.	25
15240676195	Poll	A questioning or canvassing of persons selected at random or by quota to obtain information or opinions to be analyzed.	26
15240676196	Precedent	Something done or said that may serve as an example or rule to authorize or justify a subsequent analogous act.	27
15240676197	Purpose	What the writer hopes to accomplish with a text.	28
15240676198	Rhetoric	A Greek term for the art of persuasion.	29
15240676199	Shared Value	A value the acquires near universal acceptance in a given culture.	30
15240676200	Simile	A figurative and direct comparison between two unlike things using like or as.	31
15240676201	Stasis Theory	A set of questions used to focus an argument on fact, definition, quality, or policy.	32
15240676202	Statistic	A quantitative description or generalization based on precise measurement and sampling.	33
15240676203	Statistics	Mathematical values used to describe or draw inferences about actual phenomena.	34
15240676204	Survey	To question someone in order to collect data for subsequent analysis.	35
15240676205	Syllogism	A formal, structured logical argument in which major and minor premises lead to an inevitable conclusion.	36
15240676206	Testimony	Firsthand authentication of a fact.	37
15246512094	Absolutism	The belief that morals and ethics are universal and transcend culture or context. It is the belief that actions can be judged as ultimately right or wrong.	38
15246512095	Archetype	An old imaginative pattern (including plots, characters, or images) that has appeared in literature throughout the ages.	39
15246512096	Brackets	Punctuation marks used to enclose text that has been added by an editor for clarity.	40
15246512097	Creation Myth	A story which explains how the world and its inhabitants came into existence.	41
15246512098	Ellipses	Punctuation marks, usually consisting of three periods, used to indicate the editorial omission of text.	42
15246512099	Myth	The belief system of a culture (including the explanation of nature phenomena, the justification of social stratification, the establishment of ritual, and the inculcation of social values) put into narrative form.	43
15246512100	Noble Savage	Describes an idealized native person who has not been corrupted by civilization and who, therefore, possesses some innate human goodness that modern people have lost.	44
15246512101	Oral Tradition	A method of storing and passing on information without the use of written technology.	45
15246512102	Pamphlet	An unbound, and therefore easily printed, booklet popular in the 18th century and used for political protest and public debate.	46
15246512103	Primary source	A text produced by one with first-hand knowledge or experience.	47
15246512104	Providence	Divine guidance or care; God conceived as the power sustaining and guiding destiny.	48
15246512105	Relativism	The belief that morals and ethics differ based on culture and context. It is the belief that actions cannot ultimately be judged as right or wrong; rather, cultural contexts need to be considered.	49
15246512106	Sacred	Dedicated or set apart for the service or worship of a deity; of or relating to religion	50
15246512107	Secular	Not overtly or specifically religious	51
15246512108	William Bradford	Governor of Plymouth Colony and author of Of Plymouth Plantation.	52
15246512109	Mary Rowlandson	Puritan woman held for ransom by Native Americans and who documented the experience in a well-known captivity narrative.	53
15246512110	Jesse Cornplanter	Seneca craftsman and story teller responsible for sharing Seneca folklore with Carl Carmer.	54
15246512111	Carl Carmer	Author and folklorist who published a collection of Seneca mythology titled Legends of the Longhouse.	55
15246512112	Benjamin Franklin	Publisher, inventor and statesmen who wrote a pamphlet defending the civility of Native Americans.	56
15246512113	Puritans	16th and 17th century Protestant group in England and New England opposing the Church of England.	57
15246512114	Seneca/Iroquois	Native American group from New York and Pennsylvania.	58
15246512115	George W. Harkins	Choctaw leader who penned an open letter to American citizens during the Trail of Tears.	59
15246512116	N. Scott Momaday	Native American Pulitzer prize winning novelist.	60
15246512117	Andrea Lunsford and John Ruszkiewicz	College professors and authors of Everything's an Argument.	61
15246512118	Howard Fineman	Journalist and author of The Thirteen American Arguments.	62