AP Language and Composition Terms Flashcards

14701242632	Alliteration	the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words	0
14701244157	Allusion	an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference.	1
14701247047	Analogy	A comparison of two different things that are similar in some way	2
14701248351	Anaphora	the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses	3
14701258062	Anecdote	A brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event.	4
14701261455	Annotation	A brief explanation, summary, or evaluation of a text or work of literature.	5
14701262791	antecedent	The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.	6
14701264541	Antimetabole	repetition of words, in successive clauses, in reverse grammatical order	7
14701266754	Antithesis	the direct opposite, a sharp contrast	8
14701298240	Aphorism	A brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life.	9
14701301665	Appositive	A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun.	10
14701305865	Archaic diction	old-fashioned or outdated choice of words	11
14701309450	Argument	A statement put forth and supported by evidence	12
14701312861	Aristotlelian triangle	a diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience	13
14701315764	Assertion	a confident and forceful statement of fact or belief	14
14701316681	Assumption	a thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof.	15
14701318724	Asyndeton	omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words	16
14701319119	Attitude	feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events	17
14701323504	Audience	One's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed.	18
14701324582	Authority	the power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience.	19
14701328986	Bias	A particular preference or point of view that is personal, rather than scientific.	20
14701329575	Cite	Identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source.	21
14701330319	Claim	state or assert that something is the case, typically without providing evidence or proof.	22
14701335429	Close Reading	A careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text.	23
14701337049	Colloquialism	informal words or expressions not usually acceptable in formal writing	24
14701337771	Common Ground	Shared beliefs, values, or positions.	25
14701339746	Complex Sentence	A sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.	26
14701344968	Concession	a thing that is granted, especially in response to demands; a thing conceded.	27
14701346193	Connotation	an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.	28
14701349311	Context	the circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood and assessed.	29
14701350487	coordination	Grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but.	30
14701355060	Counterargument	A challenge to a position; an opposing argument	31
14701357208	cumulative sentence	sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on	32
14701359267	declarative sentence	a sentence that makes a statement or declaration	33
14701362762	Deduction/Deductive argument	the process of moving from a general rule to a specific example	34
14701368101	Denotation	The dictionary definition of a word	35
14701369776	Diction	A writer's or speaker's choice of words	36
14701372739	Documentation	The act of creating citations to identify resources used in writing a work.	37
14701373597	Dramatic Irony	Irony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play.	38
14701374578	Elegiae	mournful and expressing sorrow	39
14701377924	Epigram	witty comment	40
14701378531	Ethos	beliefs or character of a group	41
14701382381	Figurative Language	Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling.	42
14701386177	Figure of speech	An expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning.	43
14701389263	Hyperbole	exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.	44
14701390131	Imagery	Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)	45
14701391713	Imperative sentence	A sentence that requests or commands.	46
14701394125	Induction/inductive argument	the process that moves from a given series of specifics to a generalization	47
14701402388	Inversion	inverted order of words in a sentence (variation of the subject-verb-object order)	48
14701403696	Irony	the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.	49
14701408568	Juxtaposition	Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts	50
14701412258	Logos	Appeal to logic	51
14701412700	Metaphor	A comparison without using like or as	52
14701413877	Metonymy	A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it	53
14701416851	occasion	the time and place a speech is given or a piece is written	54
14701443810	Oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.	55
14701445070	Paradox	A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.	56
14701448116	Parallelism	similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses	57
14701456843	Parody	a work which imitates another in a ridiculous manner	58
14701477308	Pathos	a quality that evokes pity or sadness	59
14701478899	Persona	an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting	60
14701482678	Personification	A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes	61
14701483243	Polemic	controversy; argument; verbal attack	62
14701485097	Polysyndeton	the use, for rhetorical effect, of more conjunctions than is necessary or natural	63
14701489024	Major premise	the first part of a syllogism, consisting of a general statement about the subject of your argument	64
14701495828	Minor premise	a statement about a specific case related to the general characteristics of the major premise	65
14701507461	Propaganda	information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.	66
14701508532	Purpose	the goal the speaker wants to achieve	67
14701512578	Refute	to prove to be false	68
14701515804	Rhetoric	the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.	69
14701518502	Rhetorical modes	exposition, description, narration, argumentation	70
14701520264	Rhetorical question	figure of speech in the form of a question posed for rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer	71
14701521238	Rhetorical triangle	A diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text.	72
14701521852	satire	A literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.	73
14701523501	Scheme	A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect.	74
14701527701	Sentence patterns	The arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions—such as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex.	75
14701535411	Sentence variety	Using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect.	76
14701535976	simile	A comparison using "like" or "as"	77
14701536703	simple sentence	A sentence consisting of one independent clause and no dependent clause	78
14701538831	situational irony	the situation, event, or action is ironic (a fire department burns down)	79
14701544772	source	A book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information.	80
14701545271	speaker	A term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing	81
14701545883	style	the choices a writer makes; the combination of distinctive features of a literary work	82
14701571199	subject	who or what the sentence is about	83
14701573251	subordinate clause	Created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause.	84
14701576178	subordination	The dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence.	85
14701577507	syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.	86
14701580485	syntax	Sentence structure	87
14701583540	synthesize	To combine; to blend	88
14701584225	thesis	the primary position taken by a writer or speaker	89
14701585318	trope	The generic name for a figure of speech such as image, symbol, simile, and metaphor.	90
14701587556	understatement	the opposite of exaggeration. It is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended.	91
14701590729	verbal irony	A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant	92
14701591208	voice	The real or assumed personality used by a writer or speaker.	93
14701592051	Zeguma	use of two different words in a grammatically similar way that produces different, often incongruous, meanings	94