AP Language Terms Review Flashcards

13886259098	Allegory	a narrative or description having a second meaning beneath the surface one	0
13886266514	Alliteration	Repetition of initial consonant sounds	1
13886269300	Allusion	A reference to another work of literature, person, or event	2
13886269301	Ambiguity	The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage.	3
13886270705	Analogy	A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them.	4
13886273533	antecedent	The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.	5
13886275763	Antimetabole	repetition of words, in successive clauses, in reverse grammatical order	6
13886278002	Antithesis	exact opposite	7
13886280639	Aphorism	A brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life.	8
13886280640	Apostrophe	a figure of speech in which one directly addresses an absent or imaginary person, or some abstraction	9
13886283126	Appeals	ethos, logos, pathos	10
13886285353	Appeal to Authority	A fallacy in which a speaker or writer seeks to persuade not by giving evidence but by appealing to the respect people have for a famous person or institution.	11
13886288304	Appeal to Fear	makes people feel as if their safety, security, or health is in danger	12
13886290515	appeal to novelty	a fallacy which assumes that something new is automatically better than something old	13
13886293246	Appeal to patriotism	draws on national pride and people's loyalty to their country	14
13886295847	Appeal to pride	used to convince the audience that they must act in order to maintain dignity and self-respect	15
13886299912	Appeal to Vanity/Flattery	Excessive praise in attempt to get acceptance of your opinion by the audience	16
13886308128	Assonance	Repetition of vowel sounds	17
13886310407	Asyndeton	the omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence.	18
13886311951	atmosphere	Setting and authors choice of objects	19
13886325655	attitude	Sense expressed by tone of voice or mood in writing	20
13886331629	Canon	an established set of principles or code of laws, often religious in nature, authentic	21
13886336140	caricature	an exaggerated portrayal of one's features	22
13886340068	claim	An assertion, usually supported by evidence	23
13886341735	clause	A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb.	24
13886341736	colloquial	Characteristic of ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing	25
13886347052	comparison and contrast	A mode of discourse in which two or more things are compared and contrasted. Comparison often refers to similarities, contrast to differences.	26
13886349021	Conceit	extended metaphor	27
13886350710	concession	A reluctant acknowledgment or yielding.	28
13886356189	Concrete vs. Abstract	In a literary sense, something that is tangible with physical properties vs. something intrinsic, figurative, or difficult to understand	29
13886357969	Connotation	an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.	30
13886360134	Consonance	Repetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity.	31
13886361700	construct	idea that cannot be seen or measured directly	32
13886364167	context	Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning.	33
13886367234	convention	accepted manner, model, or tradition	34
13886371848	Correction of erroneous views	pointing out where another's observations need modification or correction	35
13886371849	corrective measures	proposing measures to eliminate undesirable conditions	36
13886374279	Counterargument	an opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward	37
13886378300	critique	An analysis or assessment of a thing or situation for the purpose of determining its nature, limitations, and conformity to a set of standards.	38
13886381278	Denotation	The dictionary definition of a word	39
13886381279	Dialect	The speech idiosyncrasies of a specific region or group	40
13886389956	Diction	word choice	41
13886389957	didactic	intended to instruct	42
13886393568	elegy	a sad or mournful poem	43
13886395242	epitaph	(n.) a brief statement written on a tomb or gravestone	44
13886396853	Ethos	Ethical appeal	45
13886396854	eulogy	(n.) a formal statement of commendation; high praise	46
13886399570	Euphemism	An indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant	47
13886403635	Exigence	Situation that demands rhetoric speech	48
13886408880	Exposition	The interpretation or analysis of a text.	49
13886411673	extended metaphor	A series of comparisons between two unlike objects.	50
13886414227	fallacy	a failure of logical reasoning	51
13886419691	ad hominem	a fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute	52
13886419692	bandwagon fallacy	error of assuming that a claim is correct just because many people believe it	53
13886421115	begging the question	A fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt.	54
13886423175	either/or fallacy	oversimplifying an issue as offering only two choices	55
13886427523	Faulty Comparison	Comparing two things that are too different to make it a fair comparison, OR making a comparison that is illogical	56
13886429812	non sequitur	A statement that does not follow logically from evidence	57
13886433114	Correlation vs. Causation	correlation does not equal causation	58
13886433115	Slippery Slope	A fallacy that assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented	59
13886434435	figurative language	Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling.	60
13886436477	figure of speech	a device used to produce figurative language	61
13886436478	Flashback	A method of narration in which present action is temporarily interrupted so that the reader can witness past events	62
13886437970	Genre	a major category or type of literature	63
13886439820	homily	a sermon	64
13886439821	Hyperbole	exaggeration	65
13886442463	Idiom	A common, often used expression that doesn't make sense if you take it literally.	66
13886444386	Imagery	Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)	67
13886444387	inductive reasoning	A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations.	68
13886448172	Inference	A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning	69
13886453764	invective	An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.	70
13886457539	inverted syntax	reversing the normal word order of a sentence	71
13886457540	Irony	A contrast between expectation and reality	72
13886460180	Jargon	special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand.	73
13886461677	Juxtaposition	Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts	74
13886461678	Litote	A figure of speech that emphasizes its subject by conscious understatement	75
13886463706	loose sentence	A type of sentence in which the main idea comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses	76
13886467606	Metaphor	A comparison without using like or as	77
13886469738	Metonymy	A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it	78
13886470953	Mood	Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader	79
13886472699	Narrative	The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events.	80
13886472700	Onomatopoeia	A word that imitates the sound it represents.	81
13886474758	Oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.	82
13886474759	Paradox	A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.	83
13886476610	Parallelism	similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses	84
13886478156	Anaphora	the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses	85
13886478157	Epistrophe	the repetition of a word at the end of successive clauses or sentences	86
13886480390	Parody	A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.	87
13886482206	Pathos	Appeal to emotion	88
13886482207	pedantic	tending to show off one's learning	89
13886484237	periodic sentence	sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end	90
13886487481	Personification	A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes	91
13886487482	point of view	the perspective from which a story is told	92
13886491826	Polysyndeton	Deliberate use of many conjunctions	93
13886491828	Prose	the ordinary form of written language	94
13886493927	rebuttal/refutation	an argument technique wherein opposing arguments are anticipated and countered	95
13886497003	Rhetoric	the art of using language effectively and persuasively	96
13886499452	rhetorical modes	exposition, description, narration, argumentation	97
13886499453	rhetorical question	A question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer	98
13886501098	Sarcasm	harsh, cutting language or tone intended to ridicule	99
13886502523	Satire	A literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.	100
13886505909	Semantics	The branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relation to one another.	101
13886507820	Simile	A comparison using "like" or "as"	102
13886509815	Style	the choices a writer makes; the combination of distinctive features of a literary work	103
13886509858	subject complement	The word (with any accompanying phrases) or clause that follows a linking verb and complements, or completes, the subject of the sentence by either (1) renaming it (the predicate nominative) or (2) describing it (the predicate adjective). These are defined below: (1) the predicate nominative - a noun, group of nouns, or noun clause that renames the subject. It, like the predicate adjective, follows a linking verb and is located in the predicate of the sentence. Example: Julia Roberts is a movie star. movie star = predicate nominative, as it renames the subject, Julia Roberts (2) the predicate adjective -- an adjective, a group of adjectives, or adjective clause that follows a linking verb. It is in the predicate of the sentence, and modifies, or describes, the subject. Example: Warren remained optimistic. optimistic = predicate adjective, as it modifies the subject, Warren	104
13886513365	subordinate clause	A clause in a complex sentence that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence and that functions within the sentence as a noun or adjective or adverb	105
13886513366	Syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.	106
13886515330	Symbolism	A device in literature where an object represents an idea.	107
13886517543	Synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa	108
13886519845	Synesthesia	describing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color", "a sweet sound")	109
13886519846	Syntax	The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.	110
13886521513	Synthesis	combining parts into a whole	111
13886523231	Thesis	a statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved.	112
13886523232	Tone	Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character	113
13886525609	Unity	The state of being united or forming a whole.	114
13886525610	transition	a word or phrase that links different ideas	115
13886527353	voice	A writers distinctive use of language	116
13886530538	Wit	intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights	117
13886533413	Zeugma	a figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses	118