AP Language & Composition Vocab Flashcards

14594300436	Alliteration	the repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables.	0
14594308270	Allusion	an indirect reference, often to another text or an historic event.	1
14594308271	Analogy	an extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things.	2
14594309628	Anaphora	the repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses.	3
14594327945	Anecdote	a short account of an interesting incident.	4
14594338802	Annotation	explanatory or critical notes added to a text.	5
14594338803	Antecedent	the noun to which a later pronoun refers.	6
14594346127	Antimetabole	the repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast.	7
14594347418	Antithesis	parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas.	8
14594351582	Aphorism	a short, astute statement of a general truth.	9
14594354195	Appositive	a word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun.	10
14594359671	Archaic diction	the use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language.	11
14594366088	Argument	a statement put forth and supported by evidence.	12
14594368534	Aristotelian triangle	a diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience.	13
14594532393	Assertion	an emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument.	14
14594540549	Assumption	a belief or statement taken for granted without proof.	15
14594545823	Asyndeton	leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses.	16
14594546968	Attitude	the speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone.	17
14594549283	Audience	one's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed.	18
14594557354	Authority	a reliable, respected source—someone with knowledge.	19
14594558309	Bias	prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue.	20
14594559960	Cite	identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source.	21
14594561396	Claim	an assertion, usually supported by evidence	22
14594563446	Close reading	a careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text.	23
14594567184	Colloquialism	an informal or conversational use of language.	24
14594569532	Common ground	shared beliefs, values, or positions.	25
14594570070	Complex sentence	a sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.	26
14594573787	Concession	a reluctant acknowledgment or yielding.	27
14594575310	Connotation	that which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning.	28
14594581838	Context	words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning.	29
14594582968	Coordination	grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but.	30
14594587887	Counterargument	a challenge to a position; an opposing argument	31
14594589859	Cumulative sentence	an independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail.	32
14594592635	Declarative sentence	a sentence that makes a statement.	33
14594614936	Deduction	reasoning from general to specific.	34
14594616722	Denotation	the literal meaning of a word.	35
14594618725	Diction	word choice.	36
14594619674	Documentation	bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing.	37
14594622072	Elegiac	mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone.	38
14594624271	Epigram	a brief witty statement.	39
14594627185	Ethos	a Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals	40
14594629952	Figurative language	the use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect.	41
14594635383	Figure of speech	an expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning.	42
14594639333	Hyperbole	exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis.	43
14594642153	Imagery	vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing).	44
14594643642	Imperative sentence	a sentence that requests or commands.	45
14594644269	Induction	reasoning from specific to general.	46
14594645688	Inversion	a sentence in which the verb precedes the subject.	47
14594646253	Irony	A contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result.	48
14594652413	Juxtaposition	placement of two things side by side for emphasis.	49
14594654106	Logos	a Greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals	50
14594655807	Metaphor	a figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison.	51
14594662042	Metonymy	use of an aspect of something to represent the whole.	52
14594667690	Occasion	an aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing.	53
14594671745	Oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms.	54
14594674776	Paradox	a statement that seems contradictory but is actually true.	55
14594676819	Parallelism	the repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns.	56
14594683433	Parody	a piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule.	57
14594685638	Pathos	a Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals	58
14594693396	Persona	the speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing.	59
14594698330	Personification	assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects.	60
14594699842	Polemic	an argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion.	61
14594701613	Polysyndeton	the deliberate use of a series of conjunctions.	62
14594707982	Premise; major, minor	two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise.	63
14594713051	Propaganda	a negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information.	64
14594720989	Purpose	one's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing.	65
14594724128	Refute	to discredit an argument, particularly a counter argument.	66
14594726923	Rhetoric	the study of effective, persuasive language; according to Aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasion."	67
14594735284	Rhetorical modes	Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation.	68
14594740746	Rhetorical question	a question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer.	69
14594747098	Rhetorical triangle	a diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience.	70
14594748135	Satire	An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it.	71
14594750549	Scheme	a pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect.	72
14594752657	Sentence patterns	the arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions—such as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex.	73
14594753892	Sentence variety	using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect.	74
14594756353	Simile	a figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare two things.	75
14594760769	Simple sentence	a statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause.	76
14594764078	Source	a book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information.	77
14594764458	Speaker	a term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing	78
14594769309	Straw man	a logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then attacking an opponent's position.	79
14594770703	Style	the distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech.	80
14594774585	Subject	in rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing.	81
14594778053	Subordinate Clause	created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause.	82
14594782313	Subordination	the dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence.	83
14594787611	Syllogism	a form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.	84
14594788294	Syntax	sentence structure.	85
14594790345	Synthesize	combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex.	86
14594792590	Thesis	the central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer.	87
14594807636	Thesis statement	a statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or implicit.	88
14594811204	Tone	the speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience.	89
14594814517	Topic sentence	a sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	90
14594816335	Trope	artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech.	91
14594817428	Understatement	lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	92
14594818352	Voice	in grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	93
14594821825	Zeugma	a construction in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or governs—often in different, sometimes incongruent ways—two or more words in a sentence.	94