APES Vocab Flashcards
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| 11857001094 | Lithosphere | A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust. |  | 0 |
| 11857001095 | Convection | The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid |  | 1 |
| 11857006395 | hot spot | An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it |  | 2 |
| 11857007800 | Island Arc Volcano | Older, dense plate sinks below the younger one. Can cause a chain of islands |  | 3 |
| 11857009820 | subduction zone | The region where oceanic plates sink down into the asthenosphere. |  | 4 |
| 11857012242 | convergent plate boundary | A tectonic plate boundary where two plates collide, come together, or crash into each other. |  | 5 |
| 11857012243 | divergent plate boundary | an area beneath the ocean where tectonic plates move away from each other |  | 6 |
| 11857013511 | transform plate boundary | Boundary between two plates that are sliding past each other. |  | 7 |
| 11857015408 | Ring of Fire | A major belt of volcanoes that rims the Pacific Ocean |  | 8 |
| 11857017792 | Epicenter | Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus |  | 9 |
| 11857020488 | Richter scale | A scale that rates an earthquake's magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves. |  | 10 |
| 11857022597 | igneous rock | a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface |  | 11 |
| 11857022598 | Extrusive | fine-grained igneous rock that forms when magma cools quickly at or near Earth's surface |  | 12 |
| 11857027687 | intrusive | a type of igneous rock that generally contains large crystals and forms when magma cools slowly beneath Earth's surface. |  | 13 |
| 11857029143 | sedimentary rock | A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together |  | 14 |
| 11857031325 | metamorphic rock | A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions. |  | 15 |
| 11857031326 | Erosion | Processes by which rock, sand, and soil are broken down and carried away (i.e. weathering, glaciation) |  | 16 |
| 11857034725 | O horizon | The organic horizon at the surface of many soils, composed of organic detritus in various stages of decomposition |  | 17 |
| 11857038032 | A soil horizon | The layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it. |  | 18 |
| 11857039556 | E horizon | The zone of leaching that forms under the O horizon or, less often, the A horizon. | | 19 |
| 11857041923 | B horizon | A soil horizon composed primarily of mineral material with very little organic matter |  | 20 |
| 11857041924 | C horizon | The least-weathered soil horizon, which always occurs beneath the B horizon and is similar to the parent material. |  | 21 |
| 11857048256 | ore | a rock that contains a large enough concentration of a mineral making it profitable to mine |  | 22 |
| 11857050869 | tailings | piles of gangue, which is the waste material that results from mining. |  | 23 |