AP Biology - Energy & Enzymes Flashcards

9783160040	catabolic pathways	Series of reactions that release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds.	0
9783160041	anabolic pathways	Series of reactions that consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones.	1
9783160045	potential energy	Stored energy.	2
9783160050	endergonic reaction	Reaction that absorbs free energy from its surroundings.	3
9783160051	exergonic reaction	Reaction that proceeds with a net release of free energy.	4
9783160054	phosphorylation	The metabolic process of introducing a phosphate group into an organic molecule.	5
9783160056	enzyme	Protein that speeds up reactions. Typically end in "ase" (ex. Peroxidase, Lipase)	6
9783160057	activation energy	The amount of energy needed to push the reactants over an energy barrier.	7
9783160058	enzyme-substrate complex	When an enzyme binds to its substrate, it forms:	8
9783160059	active site	A pocket or groove on the surface of the enzyme where a substrate can bind.	9
9783160060	induced fit model	States that the enzyme and substrate undergo conformational changes to interact fully with one another (as opposed to "Lock & Key"	10
9783160061	cofactor	Inorganic metal ion helpers that may be bound tightly to the enzyme as a permanent resident, or may bind loosely and reversibly along with the substrate. Iron is an example.	11
9783160062	coenzyme	Non-protein Organic helpers that may be bound tightly to the enzyme as a permanent resident, or may bind loosely and reversibly along with the substrate. Most vitamins function this way.	12
9783160065	feedback inhibition/negative feedback	A metabolic pathway is switched off by the inhibitory binding of its end product to an enzyme that acts early in the pathway.	13
9783160066	saturated enzyme	Describes an enzyme's maximum activity when every active site is being used.	14
9783160067	Chemical Energy	Potential energy trapped in molecular bonds.	15
9783160072	Competitive inhibition	substance that resembles the normal substrate competes with the substrate for the active site which can be overcome by adding more substrate	16
9783160073	Noncompetitive inhibitor	a chemical that binds to an enzyme but not in the active site. This chemical will change the shape of the enzyme so substrate can no longer fit active site	17
9783160074	substrate	the substance an enzyme catalyzes, changes.	18
9783160075	exothermic reaction	a chemical reaction where energy is given off, so that the products have less energy than the reactants.	19
9783160076	endothermic reaction	a chemical reaction where energy is taken in, so that the products have more energy than the reactants.	20
9783160086	Denature	Characteristic of proteins; a change in shape that stops the protein from functioning.	21
9783160087	Allosteric	__________ regulation of enzyme occurs when a molecule binds to an enzyme changing the protein's shape	22
9783160097	Protein Kinases	enzymes that reversibly activate or inactivate other proteins by adding phosphate groups to (phosphorylating) them	23
9783160098	pH	After looking at the graph the enzyme activity of the the three different enzymes is being regulated by what variable	24
9783160099	Temperature	After looking at the shape of graph the enzyme activity of this enzymes is being regulated by what variable:	25
9783160101	Metabolism	The totality of an organism's chemical reaction	26