AP World History Unit 2 Flashcards

14889084821	Caste System	a class structure that is determined by birth. Loosely, it means that in some societies, if your parents are poor, you're going to be poor, too. Same goes for being rich	0
14889084822	Patriarchy	A male dominated society	1
14889084823	Matriarchal	A female dominated society	2
14889084824	Mandate of Heaven	an ancient Chinese belief and philosophical idea that tiān (heaven) granted emperors the right to rule based on their ability to govern well and fairly.	3
14889084825	Silk Road	an ancient network of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent connecting the West and East by merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea	4
14889084826	Social Heirarchy	how individuals and groups are arranged in a relatively linear ladder	5
14889084827	Reincarnation	the rebirth of a soul in a new body.	6
14889084828	Assimilation	The process by which a person or persons acquire the social and psychological characteristics of a group	7
14889084829	Monotheistic	The belief in only one god	8
14889084830	Eightfold Path	the path to nirvana, comprising eight aspects in which an aspirant must become practiced: right views, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration.	9
14889084831	Zoroanstrianism	one of the world's oldest monotheistic religions. It was founded by the Prophet Zoroaster in ancient Iran approximately 3500 years ago.	10
14889084832	Polytheistic	The belief in many gods	11
14889084833	Legalism	strict adherence, or the principle of strict adherence, to law or prescription, especially to the letter rather than the spirit.	12
14889084834	Confucianism	a system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius and developed by Mencius.	13
14889084835	Buddhism	is a nontheistic religion or philosophy (Sanskrit: dharma; Pali: धम्म dhamma) that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to Gautama Buddha, commonly known as the Buddha ("the awakened one").	14
14889084836	Judaism	an ancient monotheistic religion, with the Torah as its foundational text (part of the larger text known as the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible), and supplemental oral tradition represented by later texts such as the Midrash and the Talmud.	15
14889084837	Christianity	the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices.	16
14889084838	Daoism	a philosophical, ethical or religious tradition of Chinese origin, or faith of Chinese exemplification, that emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao.	17
14889084839	Han Dynasty	an empire in ancient China, that lasted from 206 b.c.e- 24 c.e.	18
14889084840	Persia	an empire located in modern day Iran but stretched as far as Egypt and Iraq.	19
14889084841	Gupta	an empire located in northern India that lasted from 320-550 c.e.	20
14889084842	Roman empire	located in modern day Italy but expanded to outlying countries throughout its reign, it lasted from 201 b.c.e- 476 c.e.	21
14889084843	Empire	an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority.	22
14889084844	Hebrew Scriptures	Torah, Old Testament	23
14889084845	Hinduism	A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms	24
14889084846	Mauryan Empire	(321-185 BCE) This was the first centralized empire of India whose founder was Chandragupta Maurya.	25
14889084847	Ashoka	Leader of the Mauryan dynasty of India who conquered most of India but eventually gave up violence and converted to Buddhism.	26
14889084848	Siddhartha Gautama (The Buddha)	Means "Enlightened One." He is said to have renounced his worldly possessions and taught of a way to overcome suffering.	27
14889084849	Emperor Constantine	Founded Constantinople; best known for being the first Christian Roman Emperor; issued the Edit of Milan in 313, granting religious toleration throughout the empire.	28
14889084850	Gupta Empire	(320-550 CE) The decentralized empire that emerged after the Mauryan Empire, and whose founder is Chandra Gupta.	29
14889084851	Aqueduct	A structure that carries water over long distances	30
14889084852	Colosseum	A large stadium in ancient Rome where athletic events took place	31
14889084853	Indian Ocean Maritime System	The Indian Ocean Maritime had been made possible by transactions between the Mediterranean Basin and the Indian Ocean Basin. The Indian Ocean Maritime allowed for cheaper transportation and the increased abundance of products that could be shipped.	32
14889084854	Trans-Saharan Trade Route	gold-salt trade; linked North and West Africa; across Sahara Desert; spread Islam; land trade	33
14889084855	filial piety	In Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors.	34
14889084856	ancestor veneration	Veneration of the dead or ancestor reverence is based on the beliefs that the dead have a continued existence, and may possess the ability to influence the fortune of the living, the worship of deceased ancestors	35
14889084857	Persian Empire	Greatest empire in the world up to 500 BCE. Spoke an Indo-European language. A multi-ethnic and multi-religious empire. Fell to Alexander the Great.	36
14889084858	Qin Dynasty	the Chinese dynasty (from 246 BC to 206 BC) that established the first centralized imperial government and built much of the Great Wall	37
14889084859	Hellenistic	Of or influenced by the Greek Empire. A type of culture typically referred to after the conquests of Alexander the Great.	38
14889084860	Persepolis	A complex of palaces, reception halls, and treasury buildings erected by the Persian kings Darius I and Xerxes in the Persian homeland. It is believed that the New Year's festival was celebrated here, as well as the coronations, weddings, and funerals of the Persian kings, who were buried in cliff-tombs nearby.	39
14889084861	Carthage	City located in present-day Tunisia, founded by Phoenicians ca. 800 B.C.E. It became a major commercial center and naval power in the western Mediterranean until defeated by the expanding Roman Republic in the third century B.C.E.	40
14889084862	Constantinople	A large and wealthy city that was the imperial capital of the Byzantine empire and later the Ottoman empire, now known as Istanbul	41
14889084863	Qanat System	a traditional system of gravity-fed irrigation that uses gently sloping tunnels to capture groundwater and direct it to low-lying fields	42
14889084864	Jesus of Nazareth	a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity.	43
14889084865	Paul of Tarsus	A Pharisaic Jew who persecuted the Early Christian community; later, he had an experience of the Risen Christ and became the "Apostle to the Gentiles" writing numerous letters to the Christian communities.	44