AP World History Unit 2 Flashcards

15135782646	Silk Roads	A system of ancient caravan routes across Central Asia, along which traders carried silk and other trade goods; known for spreading religions such as Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam as well as technological transfers and diseases like the Bubonic plague	0
15135782647	Indian Ocean Trade	connected to Europe, Africa, South Asia, and China.; worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion, spread of goods, ideas	1
15135782648	Trans-Saharan Trade	route across the Sahara Desert; traded for gold and salt, created caravan routes, economic benefit for controlling dessert, camels and camel saddles were crucial in the development of these trade networks; facilitated the spread of Islam	2
15135782649	magnetic compass	Chinese invention that aided navigation by showing which direction was north	3
15135782650	rudder	Steering device, usually a vertical blade attached to a post at, or near, the stern of the boat; improved sea trade	4
15135782651	junk ship	A very large flat-bottom sailing ship produced in the Tang and Song Empires, specially designed for long-distance commercial travel and participation in the tribute system	5
15135782678	Swahili city-states	City coasts that actively participated in Indian Ocean trade along the East coast of the African continent	6
15135782673	Bubonic Plague	Also called the Black Death; the deadly disease that spread through Asia and Europe and killed more than a third of the population in some areas; hit Europe (peak 1347-1351) especially hard due to unsanitary living conditions and overcrowded cities; spread thanks to increased trade along the Silk Roads	7
15135782662	Mansa Musa	Ruler of Mali (r. 1312-1337). His extravagant pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca in 1324-1325 established the empire's reputation for wealth in the Mediterranean world.	8
15135782664	Camel Saddle	An invention which gives camel riders more stability on the animal and its invention and basic idea traveled along the Trans-Saharan Caravan Trade Route. Invented somewhere between 500 and 100 BCE by Bedouin tribes.	9
15135782666	Sundiata	the founder of Mali empire. He crushed his enemies and won control of the gold trade routes along the trans-Saharan trade networks	10
15135782654	paper money	legal currency issued on paper; it developed in China as a convenient alternative to metal coins; facilitated trade	11
15135782667	Khan	Name for a Mongol ruler	12
15135782679	Zheng He	(1371-1433?) Chinese Ming Dynasty naval explorer who sailed along most of the coast of Asia, Japan, and half way down the east coast of Africa before his death; facilitated China's role in the tribute system in the Indian Ocean trade network. Did this to show ming power and control Indian Ocean, but they ended his voyages because he wasn't confucian and they were too expensive.	13
15135782675	Ibn Battuta	(1304-1369) Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. His writings gave a glimpse into the world of that time period. TRAVELED IN THE PURSUIT OF KNOWLEDGE.	14
15135782658	monsoon winds	seasonal wind in India, the winter monsoon brings hot, dry weather and the summer monsoon brings rain	15
15135782671	Il-Khanate	Mongol empire that ruled over Iran (Persia) & the Middle East	16
15135782668	Khanates	Four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Ghengis Khan.	17
15135782663	Timbuktu	Mali trading city that became a center of wealth and learning thanks to its location in the trans-Saharan trade networks; universities, mosques, and libraries	18
15135782672	Yuan Dynasty	(1279-1368 CE) The dynasty with Mongol rule in China; centralized with bureaucracy but structure is different: Mongols on top->Persian bureaucrats->Chinese bureaucrats; did not emphasize Confucianism and the civil service exams	19
15135782669	Pax Mongolica	The period of approximately 150 years of relative peace and stability created by the Mongol Empire.	20
15135782676	Marco Polo	(1254-1324) Italian explorer and author. He made numerous trips to China and returned to Europe to write of his journeys. He is responsible for much of the knowledge exchanged between Europe and China during this time period. THE TRAVELS OF MARCO POLO (book)	21
15135782665	caravan	group of traveling merchants and animals	22
15135782670	Golden Horde	Mongol khanate founded by Genghis Khan's. It was based in southern Russia and quickly adopted both the Turkic language and Islam.	23
15135782659	Spice Islands	Europeans' name for the Moluccas, islands rich in cloves and nutmeg - highly valued spices often traded in the Indian Ocean trade network	24
15135782660	diaspora	A dispersion of people from their homeland; merchant communities of Muslim spread Islam throughout Southeast Asia	25
15135782655	Caravanserai	an inn with a central courtyard for travelers in the desert regions of Asia or North Africa; allowed caravans and their camels to rest in a protected environment, encouraging trade	26
15135782657	porcelain	a thin, beautiful pottery invented in China	27
15135782661	Dhow Ships	Arab sailing vessels with triangular or lateen sails; strongly influenced European ship design; facilitated trade in the Indian Ocean networks	28
15135782674	Gunpowder	Invented within China during the 9th century, this substance was became the dominate military technology used to expand European and Asian empires by the 15th century; spread from East to West via trade networks like the Silk Roads and help from the Pax Mongolica	29
15136012284	There was a continued diffusion of crops along trade routes.	Sugar, citrus fruits, bananas; names were changed to local languages; they had to figure out ways to irrigate so that made qanats and norias.	30
15136012285	Effects of the diffusion of crops along trade routes.	population increase, more coerced labor, advanced agricultural technology, stable food supply, urbanization, boosted economy	31
15136012286	Effects of bubonic plague	PLAGUE HIT RESET BUTTON ON EUROPE: better wages and working conditions (ended serfdom), religion downfall which lead to an increase in the monarchy's power, antisemitism (strausburg), peasant rebellions	32
15136012287	Hajj of Mansa Musa	opened diplomatic relations with north africa, made islam economically attractive, made timbuktu a trading up and center for learning and culture, export of slaves	33
15136012288	diaspora communities	resulted from trade	34