Soule: AP CGP combined Flashcards

15451299128	political ideology	values and beliefs about government that guide decision making	0
15451299129	civil society	citizens freely express their views publicly and join groups that engage in an open debate about public policy	1
15451299130	pluralism	individual political participation occurs through multiple groups competing to exert influence over government	2
15451299131	political culture	normative attitudes, beliefs, and core values about how government should operate	3
15451299132	civil liberties	freedoms guaranteed to people by constitutional or statutory limits on government	4
15451299133	individualism	belief individual freedom is greater than collective or state control.	5
15451299134	judicial review	power of courts to declare laws unconstitutional or invalidate actions of government based on statutory or constitutional grounds	6
15451299135	rule of law	principle that the law applies to everyone, including the government and those who govern	7
15451299136	transparency	citizens are able to know what government officials are doing and how money is being spent	8
15451299138	legitimacy	normative recognition of a government or leader to take action	9
15451299139	free press	press or other media not restricted or controlled by government censorship	10
15451299140	rational-legal legitimacy	authority established by legally enacted rules and regulations	11
15451299141	charismatic legitimacy	authority established by the force of personality or ideas embodied in an individual leader	12
15451299142	mandate	an official order or commission to do something	13
15451299144	grass roots	political or issue driven movement initiated and organized at the local level	14
15451299145	social movement	popular demand for change in some aspect of the social or political order	15
15451299146	populism	grass roots movement pitting common people against government and economic elites with demands for reform	16
15451299147	cleavage	divisions within a nation or state competing for influence: typically religious, ethnic, tribal, political, economic	17
15451299148	informal participation	political processes conducted outside of government or elections	18
15451299149	devolution	transfer of powers and responsibilities from the sovereign government to sub-national governments	19
15451299150	democratization	process of creating democratic institutions and processes to establish a democracy	20
15451299151	democratic consolidation	normative acceptance of democracy as the legitimate and enduring form of political activity	21
15451299152	electoral	relating to elections or electors	22
15451299137	political efficacy	belief in an individual's ability to influence government and politics through elections and direct participation	23
15451299143	electoral mandate	normative legitimacy for action based on election results	24
15451299153	revolution	regime change enacted outside of the normative political process	25
15451299154	political party	group of people joined together to control government by winning elections	26
15451299155	coup d'etat	replacement of a government by political or military action of the country's military establishment	27
15451299156	catch-all party	broad based political party emphasizing charismatic leadership and pragmatism over ideology	28
15451299157	first-past-the-post	the most votes wins	29
15451299168	plurality	most votes wins	30
15451299158	majority	more than half: 50%+1	31
15451299159	multi-party system	three or more political parties have the potential to gain control of government separately or in coalition	32
15451299160	two-party system	political system dominated by two major parties	33
15451299161	multi-member district	electoral district with two or more representatives or officials	34
15451299162	single-member district	voters choose one representative or official per district	35
15451299163	proportional representation	legislative seats awarded proportional to the votes cast	36
15451299164	runoff election	an election to determine a majority winner, following a first election in which no candidate received a majority of the votes	37
15451299165	referendum	legislative act sent to an election for a final approval by voters	38
15451299166	ranked choice voting	Voters put their 1st, 2nd, and 3rd choices on a ballot. Lowest place candidates are dropped until a winner receives a majority of the vote.	39
15451299167	party list system	seats are filled from a party list in proportional to party votes	40
15451299169	instant runoff election	and elections with 1st, 2nd, and 3rd choices on a ballot. Lowest place candidates are dropped until a winner receives a majority of the vote.	41