AP Statistics (Sampling and Surveys) Flashcards

7896861440	Sample Survey	Selects a sample from a population.	0
7896866894	Random Sampling	Any method that uses chance to select a sample from a population.	1
7896873659	Simple Random Sample (SRS)	A method that gives every group of a certain size (n) an equal chance of being selected.	2
7896881987	Stratified Random Sample	A method that first separates the population into groups of similar characteristics then takes a SRS from each of those groups.	3
7896891206	Strata	Groups of individuals that all have a common characteristic or trait.	4
7896896767	Cluster Sample	A method of random selection where diverse groups (mini-populations) are numbered and then selected. Each member of the group(s) chosen are sampled.	5
7896914424	Cluster	A grouping within a population that is diverse (mini-populations).	6
7896927805	Bias	Systematically favoring an outcome.	7
7896930518	Voluntary Response Sample	A method of sampling in which the respondents choose themselves. This is a bad sampling technique that is not random and should be avoided as it is prone to bias.	8
7896943531	Convenience Sample	A method of sampling in which individuals that are easy to access or close by are chosen. This is a bad sampling technique that is not random and should be avoided as it is prone to bias.	9
7896969689	Sampling Errors	Errors that come from the act of choosing the sample itself. Undercoverage is a common example of this.	10
7896977288	Undercoverage	A sampling error that occurs when entire groups of the population are left out of the sample.	11
7896986378	Random Sampling Error	A type of sampling error that occurs through the chance process involved in taking a sample. SRS can sometime produce these when they create samples that over represent some individuals by a large degree.	12
7897002563	Sampling Frame	The list of individuals in the population that we are actually sampling from.	13
7897013308	Nonsampling Error	Errors that have nothing to do with the method of sampling. Can be present even in a census (collection of entire population data).	14
7897028267	Nonresponse	The single biggest problem (type of nonsampling error) that occurs in sample surveys. This is when individuals chosen/contacted for a sample refuse to answer.	15
7897046977	Response Bias	Incorrect answers from respondents of a survey. Often intentional because they are aware they are being observed or recorded.	16
7897058134	Wording Bias	This is when the way a prompt is presented causes answers to shift toward an outcome.	17