AP Language Summer Vocab Flashcards

14567313788	abstract language	Language describing ideas and qualities rather than observable or specific things, people, or places	0
14567315218	ad hominem	a fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute	1
14567316677	allegory	a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.	2
14567318486	alliteration	Repetition of initial consonant sounds	3
14567319088	Allusion	A reference to another work of literature, person, or event	4
14567319864	Ambiguity	The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage.	5
14567324280	Analogy	A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them.	6
14567325096	Anaphora	repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines	7
14567335173	anecdote	A brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event.	8
14567335174	annotation	Explanatory notes added to a text to explain, cite sources, or give bibliographical data.	9
14567336016	antecedent	a thing or event that existed before or logically precedes another	10
14567337286	antithesis	the direct opposite, a sharp contrast in a balanced sentence	11
14567341177	Aphorism	A brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life.	12
14567341592	Apostrophe	a figure of speech in which one directly addresses an absent or imaginary person, or some abstraction	13
14567342552	Assonance	the repetition of vowel sounds within non-rhyming words	14
14567346576	Asyndeton	A construction in which elements are presented in a series without conjunctions	15
14567348186	Balance	made up of two parts that are roughly equal in length, importance, and grammatical structure, as in the advertising slogan for KFC: "Buy a bucket of chicken and have a barrel of fun."	16
14567354038	begging the question	Often called circular reasoning, occurs when the believability of the evidence depends on the believability of the claim.	17
14567358387	cacophany	A harsh, discordant mixture of sounds	18
14567359896	causal relationships	relationships in which a condition or variable leads to a certain consequence	19
14567360791	Chiasmus	a rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form	20
14567363630	Citation/Documentation	Reference to the original source of information	21
14567363631	clause	A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb.	22
14567364517	Colloquiallism	normal speech, a word or phrase that is not formal or literary, typically one used in ordinary or familiar conversation.	23
14567367685	conceit	A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects.	24
14567369393	Concrete Language	Language that describes specific, observable things, people, or places, rather than ideas or qualities.	25
14567369394	Connotation	an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.	26
14567370805	Consonance	Repetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity.	27
14569943988	cumulative sentence	sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on	28
14569945357	deduction	reasoning down from principles	29
14569945875	Denotation	The dictionary definition of a word	30
14569945876	Diction	A writer's or speaker's choice of words	31
14569946615	didactic	instructive	32
14569948091	either/or reasoning	An argument that something complex can be looked at in only two different ways	33
14569948575	Ellipsis	in a sentence, the omission of a word or words replaced by three periods	34
14569949052	Elliptical Sentence	sequence of words in which some words have been omitted	35
14569949465	emotional appeal (pathos)	When a writer appeals to readers' emotions (often through pathos) to excite and involve them in the argument.	36
14569949649	Euphemism	An indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant	37
14569951546	euphony	pleasant sound	38
14569951934	Exposition	a comprehensive description and explanation of an idea or theory.	39
14569952189	False Analogy	When two cases are not sufficiently parallel to lead readers to accept a claim of connection between them.	40
14569952888	figurative language	Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling.	41
14569954353	Generalization	A conclusion drawn from specific information that is used to make a broad statement about a topic or person	42
14569955135	homily	This term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.	43
14569955390	Hyperbole	extreme exaggeration	44
14569956359	Imagery	Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)	45
14569956360	Induction	the process that moves from a given series of specifics to a generalization; factual reasoning	46
14569958195	invective	An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.	47
14569958869	inverted sentence	a sentence in a normally subject-first language in which the predicate (verb) comes before the subject (noun)	48
14569959140	Irony	A contrast between expectation and reality	49
14569959540	verbal irony	A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant; sarcasm	50
14569962976	dramatic irony	Irony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play.	51
14569963513	situational irony	irony involving a situation in which actions have an effect that is opposite from what was intended, so that the outcome is contrary to what was expected.	52
14569963790	Litotes	A form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite	53
14569964017	logic	Reasoning conducted or assessed according to strict principles of validity	54
14569964233	logical appeal (logos)	When a writer tries to persuade the audience based on statistics, facts, and reasons. The process of reasoning	55
14569965140	logical fallacy	An error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid	56
14569965141	Metaphor	A comparison without using like or as	57
14569965349	Metonymy	A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it	58
14569965755	Mood	Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader	59
14569966084	Narrative	The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events.	60
14569967369	non sequitur	A statement that does not follow logically from evidence	61
14569968450	Onomatopoeia	A word that imitates the sound it represents.	62
14569968451	Oversimplification	When a writer obscures or denies the complexity of the issues in an argument	63
14569968804	Oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.	64
14569969251	Parable	A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson	65
14569970612	Paradox	A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.	66
14569973260	Parallelism	similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses	67
14569973262	Parody	A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.	68
14569974180	pathos	Appeal to emotion	69
14569974616	periodic/loose sentence	Sentence that places the main idea or central complete thought at the end of the sentence, after all introductory elements.	70
14569975202	Persona	a character in a novel or play; the outward character or role that a person assumes	71
14569976068	Personification	A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes	72
14569986884	Persuasion	the process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people's beliefs or actions	73
14569988556	first person point of view	a character in the story is actually telling the story himself/herself	74
14569988898	third person limited	the narrator only knows the thoughts and feelings of one character	75
14569989766	third person omniscient	the narrator knows all of the thoughts and feelings of all of the characters in a work	76
14569990265	Polysyndeton	the use, for rhetorical effect, of more conjunctions than is necessary or natural	77
14569990618	post hoc ergo propter hoc	after this, therefore because of this	78
14569990619	Red Herring	A fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion	79
14569991024	Refutation	a denial of the validity of an opposing argument	80
14569993460	Repetition	Repeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect and emphasis	81
14569994837	Rhetoric	the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.	82
14569996861	rhetorical modes	exposition, description, narration, argumentation	83
14569996862	Exposition	a comprehensive description and explanation of an idea or theory.	84
14569998495	Argumentation	writing that attempts to prove the validity of a point of view or an idea by presenting reasoned arguments; persuasive writing is a form of argumentation	85
14569998878	description	a spoken or written representation or account of a person, object, or event	86
14569999265	Narration	writing that tells a story	87
14570001234	rhetorical question	A question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer	88
14570001619	Satire	the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.	89
14570002141	Sarcasm	the use of irony to mock or convey contempt	90
14570004559	sentence structures	simple, compound, complex, compound-complex	91
14570004560	simple sentence	A sentence consisting of one independent clause and no dependent clause	92
14570004900	compound sentence	a sentence with two or more coordinate independent clauses, often joined by one or more conjunctions	93
14570005246	complex sentence	A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause	94
14570005783	compound-complex sentence	at least one dependent clause and two or more independent clauses	95
14570006026	Simile	A comparison using "like" or "as"	96
14570006478	Straw Man	A fallacy that occurs when a speaker chooses a deliberately poor or oversimplified example in order to ridicule and refute an idea.	97
14570006848	Style	A basic and distinctive mode of expression.	98
14570007333	Syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.	99
14570007633	Symbolism	A device in literature where an object represents an idea.	100
14570008361	Synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa	101
14570008362	Syntax	Sentence structure	102
14570008726	Theme	Central idea of a work of literature	103
14570008727	Thesis	a statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved.	104
14570009486	Tone	Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character	105
14570009645	transition	a word or phrase that links different ideas	106
14570010261	Tricolon	Sentence consisting of three parts of equal importance and length, usually three independent clauses.	107
14570010680	Understatement	the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.	108
14570010681	voice	active, passive	109
14570013020	active voice	Expresses an action done by its subject.	110
14570013499	passive voice	The subject of the sentence receives the action.	111