AP World History Vocabulary 1 Flashcards

13588556370	Mandate from Heaven	The belief that an emperor has an allowance from heaven to rule; this is revoked during times of disaster	0
13588579661	Charlamagne	a king of the Franks who conquered much of Europe and spread Christianity in the conquered regions, Crowned holy roman emperor	1
13588584950	Cyrus the Great	king of Persia during classical age (600 BCE- 600 CE) Known for his tolerance, Built the royal road	2
13588625414	Siddharta Gautama	The founder of the Buddist religion,he was known as Buddha or "the enlightened one".	3
13588631107	Thomas Aquinas	A scholar who argued that the most basic religious truths could be proved by sound reasoning came up with unalienable rights.	4
13588681307	Montesque	separation of powers, Enlightenment writer	5
13588688715	Thomas Jefferson	Wrote the Declaration of Independence, which identified unalienable rights as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness and referred to the social contract	6
13588715770	Ivan the Great	He ended nearly 200 years of Mongol domination of his dukedom. Tripled the size of Muscovy	7
13588733944	Ivan the Terrible	Known for his great acts of cruelty directed toward all those with whom he disagreed, even killing his own son. He became the first ruler to assume the title Czar of all Russia.	8
13588768853	Genghis Khan	Also known as Temujin; he united the Mongol tribes into an unstoppable fighting force; created the largest single land empire in history.	9
13588792775	Shi Huang Di (Qin China)	used legalism in ruling, Qin dynasty - reunified china, legalistic, introduced the standard units of money, unified the great wall, buried with 7000 terracotta soldiers, hated Confucianism, died by accidental poisoning	10
13588825126	Wu Ti	Han "Warrior Emperor" who greatly expanded the empire, supported Confucianism and the bureaucratic exam system; beginning of Pax Sinica	11
13588870946	Chandrgupta	founded Mauryan Empire in ancient India, paranoid absolutist	12
13588898935	Ashoka	Third ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India.. He converted to Buddhism and built temples.	13
13588951443	Termujin	the real name of Ghengis Khan	14
13588955392	King John of England	king who signed the Magna Carta at the end of a conflict that was a result of high taxes	15
13588981982	King Richard the Lionheart	the king of England who fought against Saladin in the Crusades (namely the Third Crusade). He never managed to reclaim Jerusalem, but he did strengthen Christian holds near the Holy Land	16
13588988234	Crusades	A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.	17
13588998480	Reconqista	The recapture of Muslim-held lands in Spain by Christian forces; it was completed in 1492	18
13589005822	1st Crusade	The First Crusade (1095-1102 CE) was a military campaign by western European forces to recapture Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim control. it was called for by Pope Urban II. He said if you supported/ went on crusade your sins would be forgiven, which would later lead to the church selling indulgences.	19
13619254482	3rd Crusade	Richard the Lionheart is away from England leading to King John to raise taxes. This leads to the signing of the Magna Carta.	20
13619281546	4th cursade	The Fourth Crusade was called to retake Jerusalem from its current Muslim overlords. However, due to Venetian trading ambitions, they ended up taking over Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire. They had control for 50+ years. The city never recovered and eventually fell to ottomans.	21
13619316517	Voltaire	French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government. " I may not agree with what you say but I will defend with my life you're right to say it."	22
13619358915	John Locke	English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property.	23
13619362485	William Skakespeare	William Shakespeare, English poet, dramatist, and actor, often called the English national poet and considered by many to be the greatest dramatist of all time. 1450- 1750, art became more accessible to commoners, not just the elite.	24
13619409675	Issac Newton	Greatest scientist in the Scientific Revolution. British scientist who defined the laws of motion, discovered gravity, experimented with optics, invented differential calculus and wrote "Principia"	25
13619413127	Copernicus	Devised a model of the universe with the Sun at the center, and not the earth, Heliocentric theory	26
13619437727	Galileo	An Italian who provided more evidence for heliocentrism and questioned if the heavens really were perfect.	27
13619452868	Ptolemy	The Alexandrian astronomer who proposed a geocentric system of astronomy that was undisputed until Copernicus	28
13622826579	Socrates	Athenian philosopher (ca. 470-399 B.C.E.) who shifted the emphasis of philosophical investigation from questions of natural science to ethics and human behavior. Socratic method, based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking, bases of Rationalism and Humanism.	29
13622836436	Plato	(430-347 BCE) Was a disciple of Socrates whose cornerstone of thought was his theory of Forms, in which there was another world of perfection. Came up with a form of a Government, a Republic.	30
13622841720	Aristotle	Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry.	31
13622903690	Alexander the Great	son of Philip II; received military training in Macedonian army and was a student of Aristotle; great leader; conquered much land in Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia; goal was to conquer the known world	32
13622935146	Ethnocentrism	Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group.	33
13622946104	Xerxes	son of Darius; became Persian king. He vowed revenge on the Athenians. He invaded Greece with 180,000 troops in 480 B.C. he was eventually defeated by them	34
13622967167	Octavian	Assumed the name Augustus Caesar, and became emperor. Was the end of the Roman Republic and the start of the Pax Romana.	35
13623009314	Ceaser Augustus	first Roman emperor	36
13623015538	Constintine	Known as a great Roman Emperor. Stopped persecution of Christians and made religion legal. Baptized a Christian on his death bed.	37
13623035342	Paul	Follower of Jesus who helped spread Christianity throughout the Roman world. He was a Roman citizen.	38
13623060818	Abraham	Founder of Judaism; made the first covenant with God	39
13623113864	Muwali	Non-Arab converts to Islam	40
13623116891	Byzantine Empire	The eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived after the fall of the Western Empire at the end of the 5th century C.E. Its capital was Constantinople, named after Emperor Constantine. The empire fell to the Ottomans in 1453.	41