AP Language Flashcards

10602134949	Rhetoric	The faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion	0
10602134950	Occasion	The time and place a text was written or spoken	1
10602134951	context	The circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text.	2
10602134952	purpose	the goal the speaker wants to achieve	3
10602134953	rhetorical triangle	A diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text.	4
10602134954	Speaker	the person or group who creates a text	5
10602134955	Persona	The face or character that a speaker shows to his or her audience.	6
10602134956	audience	the listener, viewer, or reader of a text	7
10602134957	Subject	the topic of a text	8
10602134958	SOAPS	Subject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, Speaker	9
10602134959	Ethos	appeal to credibility	10
10602134960	Pathos	Appeal to emotion	11
10602134961	propagandistic	the spread of ideas and information to further a cause	12
10602134962	Logos	Appeal to logic	13
10602134963	Tone	The speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience.	14
10602134964	Mood	the feeling created in the reader by a literary work	15
10602134965	Metaphor	Comparison between unlike things without using like or and	16
10602134966	Similie	a comparison between two unlike things using like or as	17
10602134967	Personification	Giving a nonhuman thing human qualities	18
10602134968	Hyperbole	exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.	19
10602134969	Parellelism	use of similar grammitical constructions to express ideas that are related or equal in importance	20
10602134970	Juxtaposition	Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts	21
10602134971	Antithesis	exact opposite	22
10602134972	compound sentence	a sentence with more than one subject or predicate.	23
10602134973	complex sentence	A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause	24
10602134974	periodic sentence	sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end	25
10602134975	inverted sentence	A sentence in which the subject follows the verb	26
10602134976	cumulative sentence	sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on	27
10602134977	imperative sentence	sentence used to command or enjoin	28
10602134978	Imagery	Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)	29
10602134979	argument	A statement put forth and supported by evidence	30
10602134980	claim	the writer's position on an issue or problem	31
10602134981	claim of fact	asserts that something is true or not true	32
10602134982	claim of value	argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong	33
10602134983	claim of policy	proposes a change	34
10602134984	straw man fallacy	instead of dealing with the actual issue, it attacks a weaker version of argument	35
10602134985	False Dilemma	A fallacy of oversimplification that offers a limited number of options (usually two) when in fact more options are available.	36
10602134986	Hasty Generalization	A fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence.	37
10602134987	first-hand evidence	Evidence based on something the writer knows, whether it's from personal experience, observations, or general knowledge of events.	38
10602134988	Anecdotes	a short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person	39
10602134989	second-hand evidence	Evidence that is accessed through research, reading, and investigation. It includes factual and historical information, expert opinion, and quantitative data.	40
10602134990	quantitative evidence	includes things that can be measured, cited, counted, or otherwise represented in numbers	41
10602134991	introduction (exordium)	introduces the reader to the subject under discussion	42
10602134992	narration (narratio)	Provides factual information and background material on the subject at hand or establishes why the subject is a problem that needs addressing.	43
10602134993	confirmation (confirmatio)	Usually the major part of the text, the confirmation includes the proof needed to make the writer's case.	44
10602134994	refutation (refutatio)	Addresses the counterargument. It is a bridge between the writer's proof and conclusion.	45
10602134995	conclusion (peroratio)	brings the essay to a satisfying close	46
10602134996	Induction	the process that moves from a given series of specifics to a generalization	47
10602134997	deduction	the process of moving from a general rule to a specific example	48