AP Language Exam Review Flashcards

13812274171	Rhetorical triangle	The relationship between speaker, audience and subject	0
13812274172	1. Alliteration	repetition of the same sound beginning several words or syllables in sequence	1
13812274173	Allusion	Brief reference to a person, event, or place (real or fictional) or to a work of art	2
13812274174	Anaphora	Repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines.	3
13812274175	Antimetabole	: Repetition of words in reverse order	4
13812274176	Antithesis	Opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction	5
13812274177	Archaic diction	old-fashion or outdated choices of words	6
13812274178	Asyndeton	Omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words.	7
13812274179	Cumulative sentence	sentences that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on	8
13812274180	Hortative sentence	Sentence that exhorts, urges, entrants, implores, or calls to action.	9
13812274181	Imperative sentence	Sentence used to command or enjoin	10
13812274182	Inversion	Invert the order of words in a sentence (variation of the subject-verb-object order.)	11
13812274183	12. Juxtaposition	Placement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences.	12
13812274184	Metaphor	Figure of speech that compares two things without using like or as	13
13812274185	Oxymoron	A paradox made up of two seeming contradictory words	14
13812274186	Parallelism	Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses.	15
13812274187	Periodic sentence	Sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end.	16
13812274188	Personification	Attributing of a lifelike quality to an inanimate object or an idea.	17
13812274189	Rhetorical question	Figure of speech in the form of a question posed for the rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer.	18
13812274190	Synecdoche	Figure of speech that uses a part to represent the whole.	19
13812274191	Zeugma	Use of two different word in a grammatically similar way that produces different, often incongruous, meanings.	20
13812274192	Argument	A single assertion or a series of assertions presented and defended by the writer.	21
13812274193	Claim	States the author's argument, main idea, or position.	22
13812274194	Claim of fact	Asserts that something is true or not	23
13812274195	Claim of policy	Proposes a change	24
13812274196	Claim of value	Attempt to prove that some things are good or bad, right or wrong.	25
13812274197	Closed thesis	this type of thesis is a statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make.	26
13812274198	Open thesis	is one that does not list all of the points the writer intends to cover in an essay.	27
13812274199	First-hand evidence	evidence based on something the writer knows, whether it's from personal experience, observation, or general knowledge of events.	28
13812274200	Second-hand evidence	evidences that is accessed through research, reading, and investigation. It includes factual and historical information, expert opinions, and quantitative data.	29
13812274201	Quantitative evidence	evidence that includes things that can be measured, cited, counted, or otherwise represent in numbers—for instance, statistics, surveys, polls, census information.	30
13812274202	Rebuttal	gives voice to possible objections.	31
13812274203	Syllogism	A logical structure that uses the major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion.	32
13812274204	Style	the unique way an author presents his ideas. Diction, syntax, imagery, structure, and content all contribute to a particular style.	33
13812274205	Diction	a speaker's choice of words.	34
13812274206	Ad hominem	tactic of switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker.	35
13812274207	Ad populum (bandwagon)	evidence boils down to "everybody's doing it so it must be a good thing to do."	36
13812274208	Appeal to false authority	someone who has no expertise to speak in an issues is cited as an authority.	37
13812274209	Begging the question	a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt. It 'begs" a question whether the support itself is sound.	38
13812274210	Circular reasoning	which the argument repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence.	39
13812274211	Either/or (false dilemma)	the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choice.	40
13812274212	Logical fallacy	potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in an argument. They often arise from a failure to make a logical connection between the claim and the evidence used to support it.	41
13812274213	Post hoc ergo propter hoc	it is incorrect to always claim that something happened is a cause just because it happened earlier.	42
13812274214	Strawman	when a speaker chooses a deliberately poor or oversimplified example in order to ridicule and refute an idea.	43
13812274215	Euphemism	a more acceptable and usually more pleasant way if saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable.	44
13812274216	Parody	comic imitation of a work that ridicules the original. It can be utterly mocking or gently humorous.	45
13812274217	Reductio ad absurdum	technique useful in creating a comical effect and is also an argument technique.	46
13812274218	Syntax	the grammatical structure of prose and poetry.	47
13812274219	Understatement	opposite of an exaggeration. It is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended.	48
13812274220	Metonymy	figure of speech in which a representative term is used for a larger idea.	49
13812274221	Sardonic	disdainfully or skeptically humorous : derisively mocking	50
13812274222	Sarcastic	given to the use of sarcasm	51
13812274223	Ironic	relating to, containing, or constituting irony	52
13812274224	Mocking	to treat with contempt or ridicule	53
13812274225	Scornful	to be full of scorn	54
13812274226	Satiric	of, relating to, or constituting satire	55
13812274227	Objective	expressing or dealing with facts or conditions as perceived without distortion by personal feelings, prejudices, or interpretations	56
13812274228	Naïve	marked by unaffected simplicity	57
13812274229	Nostalgic	a wistful or excessively sentimental yearning for return to or of some past period or irrecoverable condition	58
13812274230	Idyllic	pleasing or picturesque in natural simplicity	59
13812274231	Reverent	expressing or characterized by reverence	60
13812274232	Lugubrious	to be mournful	61
13812274233	Elegiac	written in or consisting of elegiac couplets	62
13812274234	Gothic	of or relating to a style of fiction characterized by the use of desolate or remote settings and macabre, mysterious, or violent incidents	63
13812274235	Macabre	dwelling on the gruesome	64
13812274236	Vituperative	uttering or given to censure	65
13812274237	Scathing	bitterly severe	66
13812274238	Confidential	marked by intimacy or willingness to confide	67
13812274239	Facetious	joking or jesting often inappropriately	68
13812274240	Critical	inclined to criticize severely and unfavorably	69
13812274241	Resigned	to give up deliberately	70
13812274242	Pedantic	narrowly, stodgily, and often ostentatiously learned; dull	71
13812274243	Didactic	designed or intended to teach	72
13812274244	Disdainful	full of or expressing contempt for someone or something regarded as unworthy or inferior	73
13812274245	Maudlin	drunk enough to be emotionally silly	74
13812274246	Sentimental	marked or governed by feeling, sensibility, or emotional idealism	75
13812274247	Patriotic	befitting or characteristic of a patriot	76
13812274248	Jingoistic	extreme chauvinism or nationalism marked especially by a belligerent foreign policy	77
13812274249	Indignant	marked by anger aroused by injustice	78
13812274250	Intimate	very familiar	79
13812274251	Judgmental	authoritative and often having critical opinions	80
13812274252	Jovial	happy	81
13812274253	Lyrical	expressing a poet's inner feelings; emotional; full of images; song-like	82
13812274254	Matter-of-fact	accepting of conditions; not fanciful or emotional	83
13812274255	Morose	gloomy, sullen, surly, despondent	84
13812274256	Malicious	purposely hurtful	85
13812274257	Optimistic	hopeful, cheerful	86
13812274258	Obsequious	polite and obedient in order to gain something	87
13812274259	Caustic	intense use of sarcasm; stinging, biting	88
13812274260	Conventional	lacking spontaneity, originality, individuality	89
13812274261	Disdainful	scornful	90
13812274262	Derisive	ridiculing, mocking	91
13812274263	Earnest	intense, a sincere state of mind	92
13812274264	Erudite	learned, polished, scholarly	93
13812274265	Fanciful	using the imagination	94
13812274266	Forthright	directly frank without hesitation	95
13812274267	Gloomy	darkness, sadness, rejection	96
13812274268	Haughty	proud and vain to the point of arrogance	97
13812274269	Accusatory	Charging of wrong doing	98
13812274270	Apathetic	Indifferent due to lack of energy or concern	99
13812274271	Awe	Solemn wonder	100
13812274272	Cynical	Questions the basic sincerity and goodness of people	101
13812274273	Condescension; condescending	a feeling of superiority	102
13812274274	Callous	unfeeling, insensitive to feelings of others	103
13812274275	Contemplative	studying, thinking, reflecting on an issue	104
13812274276	Critical	finding fault	105
13812274277	Choleric	Hot-tempered, easily angered	106
13812274278	Contemptuous	showing or feeling that something is worthless or lacks respect	107
13812274279	Narrative	This rhetorical mode tells a story	108
13812274280	Deduction	This is making a conclusion by going from whole to part	109
13812274281	Induction	This is making a conclusion by going from part to whole	110
13812274282	Illustration	This rhetorical mode explains a general statement by means of one or more specific examples	111
13812274283	Description	This rhetorical mode describes something - a person, a place, or an object	112
13812274284	Defintion	This rhetorical mode explains what a word, idea, or topic means	113