Modern Period: AP World History Flashcards

14010684319	french and indian war	war fought between France and England in the 1750s over territorial claims in North America	0
14010684320	seven years war	what is another word/phrase for the French and Indian war?	1
14010684321	french	after the French and Indian war, which side (French or British) go north?	2
14010684322	british	after the French and Indian War, which side (French or British) go westward into the Ohio River Valley	3
14010684323	yes	after the french and indian war, did the British feel that the American colonist were not sharing the burden that the home country felt?	4
14010684324	revenue act	an act/law that raised taxes on wealthy people and corporations; 1764	5
14010684325	stamp act	an act/law stating that colonists had to pay for stamps printed on taxable paper items; 1765	6
14010684326	tea act	an act/law where there was a tax on an item to help save the British East India Company; colonists boycotted; 1773	7
14010684327	thomas paine	the author of Common Sense that urged American colonist to support the movement against the British	8
14010684328	Declaration of Independence	a 1776 document stating that the 13 English colonies were a free and independent nation	9
14010684329	france	which nation provided supplies to the Americans and helped defeat the British during the American Revolution?	10
14010684330	yes	after the many major war events, was France in debt?	11
14010684331	estates-general	an assembly of representatives from all three of the estates, or social classes, in France	12
14010684332	the first estate	a French estate that is made up of the clergy: high ranking, wealthy, parish priest (some poor people)	13
14010684333	the second estate	a French estate that is made up of noble families	14
14010684334	the third estate	a French estate that is made up of everyone else: peasant farmers, the small middle class, bourgeoisie, merchants	15
14010684335	the third estate	which French estate made up 95% of the population and had very little political power?	16
14010684336	declaration of the rights of man	a statement of revolutionary ideals adopted by France's National Assembly in 1789 stating "men are born and remain free and equal in rights"	17
14010684337	france	who became the first "modern" nation-state by 1789?	18
14010684338	national assembly	the elected legislature in France during the first part of the French Revolution represented by the third estate; 1789-91.	19
14010684339	jacobins	very radical French revolutionary party responsible for Reign of Terror and execution of king (during the French Revolution)	20
14010684340	committee of public safety	a committee established by Maximilien Robespierre and the Jacobins during the French Revolution to identify "enemies of the republic"	21
14010684341	Maximilien Robespierre	a revolutionary leader who was the the leader of the Reign of Terror and was behind the beheading of many people in France	22
14010684342	french directory	a five-member committee which governed France from 1795, when it replaced the Committee of Public Safety	23
14010684343	Napoleon Bonaparte	who overthrew the French Directory in 1799?	24
14010684344	Napoleonic Code	Napoleon's comprehensive laws that recognized the equality of French citizens (meaning men) and institutionalized some of the Enlightenment ideas	25
14010684345	Napoleon	Prince Von Metternich, Alexander I of Russia, and Duke of Wellington of Britain were all principal members against who?	26
14010684346	Waterloo	the battle on 18 June 1815 in Belgium in which Napoleon met his final defeat	27
14010684347	Congress of Vienna	allies that came together to restore a balance of power to Europe after Napoleon's reign	28
14010684348	balance of power	the distribution of military and economic power that prevents any one nation from becoming too strong	29
14010684349	Haiti	who became the first independent nation in Latin America?	30
14010684350	Pierre Toussaint L'Ouverture	a former slave who led a violent, but ultimately successful slave revolt against the French in Haiti	31
14010684351	Jacques Dessalines	a former slave that continued to fight for Haiti's Independence after Toussaint-Louverture was captured; proclaimed Haiti as a free republic	32
14010684352	Simon Bolivar	a Venezuelan statesman who led the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule	33
14010684353	Jose de San Martin	a creole who led revolts for Argentina and worked with Bolivar to free Peru from Spanish rule	34
14010684354	creole	an American-born Spaniard	35
14010684355	John VI	King of Portugal who fled to Brazil when Napoleon invaded Portugal in 1807; father of Pedro I	36
14010684356	Pedro I	who declared Brazil free from Portugal and became their first king?	37
14010684357	Pedro II	an emperor of Brazil who helped the country develop into a strong one and abolished slavery	38
14010684358	Miguel Hidalgo	a Creole priest who sympathized with those who had been abused under Spanish colonialism and led a revolt against Spanish Rule	39
14010684359	Treaty of Cordoba	the treaty that officially recognized Mexico as an independent nation	40
14010684360	Britain	where did the Industrial Revolution begin?	41
14010684361	Industrial Revolution	the transformation from an agricultural to an industrial nation: change in technology, brought about by improvements in machinery and by use of steam power	42
14010684362	enclosures	large farm fields enclosed by fences or hedges	43
14010684363	urbanization	the process where an increasing percentage of a population lives in cities and suburbs	44
14010684364	domestic system	an early industrial labor system in which work is done in homes rather than in a shop or factory	45
14010684365	flying shuttle	an invention by John Kay that made weaving cloth easier and faster	46
14010684366	spinning jenny	an invention by John Hargreaves which was capable of spinning vast amounts of thread	47
14010684367	cotton gin	a machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers	48
14010684368	Eli Whitney	who invented the cotton gin?	49
14010684369	steam engine	an engine that uses the expansion or rapid condensation of steam to generate power.	50
14010684370	James Watt	improved Thomas Newcomer's inefficient engine leading to the invention of the steam engine	51
14010684371	steamship	a large ship powered by steam; invented by Robert Fulton	52
14010684372	steam locomotive	a steam powered form of transportation that provided for faster land travel ; invented by George Stephenson	53
14010684373	Charles Darwin	an English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)	54
14010684374	interchangeable parts	identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufacturing; Eli Whitney	55
14010684375	assembly line	a production method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks; Henry Ford	56
14010684376	Adam Smith	a Scottish economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations and designed modern free-market system/capitalism	57
14010684377	free-market system	a system where individuals owned some of the means of production	58
14010684378	capitalism	what is a word for the free-market system?	59
14010684379	laissez-faire capitalism	an economic system in which the market makes all decisions and the government plays no role	60
14010684380	Karl Marx	a German economist and philosopher who believed that all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs	61
14010684381	socialism	a system in which the state controls the economy	62
14010684382	communism	an economic system in which the central government directs all major economic decisions	63
14010684383	Luddites	group of workers who broke into factories and destroyed machinery to protest the working conditions and pitiful wages during the Industrial Revolution	64
14010684384	democracy	a form of government in which citizens govern themselves	65
14010684385	republic	a form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws.	66
14010684386	nationalism	love of one's country and willingness to sacrifice for it	67
14010684387	Factory Act of 1883	laws passed by the British Parliament which limited the hours of each workday, restricted children from working in factories, and required factory owners to make working conditions safer and cleaner	68
14010684388	labor unions	an organization formed by workers to strive for better wages and working conditions	69
14010684389	social mobility	the ability of a person to work his/her way up from one social class to the next	70
14010684390	social darwinism	the belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle	71
14010684391	White Man's Burden	the poem by Rudyard Kipling stating that it was white people's "duty" to teach the rest of the world because they were better	72
14010684392	ethnocentric	belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group	73
14010684393	British East India Company	a joint-stock company that operated like a multinational corporation with exclusive rights over British trade with India	74
14010684394	seproys	Indians who works for the British, mostly as soldiers	75
14010684395	yes	did the seproys rebelled after the British violated their beliefs?	76
14010684396	no	were the seproy's revolts and rebellions successful?	77
14010684397	Bahadur Shah II	the last of the Mughal rulers who was sent into exile	78
14010684398	Indian National Congress	an Indian nationalist group formed to work for rights and power for Indians under British rule	79
14010684399	opium	which drug were the Chinese too addicted to?	80
14010684400	yes	did China make their attempts to restrict the trade of opium with Britain?	81
14010684401	Opium War	a conflict between Britain and China, lasting from 1839 to 1842, over Britain's opium trade in China	82
14010684402	Treaty of Nanjing	"unequal treaty" to end Opium War in which China had to accept British terms for peace	83
14010684403	unequal treaties	treaties that benefited European countries at the expense of China (signed under pressure of invasion)	84
14010684404	yes	after the defeat against the British in the Opium War, did the rest of the world see China as an easy target?	85
14010684405	White Lotus Rebellions	a rebellion led by Buddhists who were frustrated over taxes and government corruption during the Qing Dynasty	86
14010684406	Taiping Rebellion	a mid-19th century rebellion against the Qing Dynasty in China, led by Hong Xiuquan, a religious zealot who claimed to be the brother of Jesus	87
14010684407	Self-Strengthening Movement	the Chinese's attempt (1860-1895) to blend Chinese cultural traditions with European industrial technology	88
14010684408	Sino-French War	a battle in which the Chinese lost Vietnam to the French, who established a colony there called French Indochina	89
14010684409	Sino-Japanese War	war between China and Japan in which Japan gained Taiwan (Treaty of Shimonoseki)	90
14010684410	spheres of influence	areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly example: China	91
14010684411	Chinese Exclusion Act	law that barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States	92
14010684412	Open Door Policy	the American statement that the government did not want colonies in China, but favored free trade there	93
14010684413	Boxers	a Patriotic Chinese militant group who killed foreigners and Christian missionaries as an attempt to drive the Europeans and Japan out of China	94
14010684414	Boxer Protocol	a protocol that demanded that China not only pay the Europeans and the Japanese the cost associated with the rebellion but also formally apologize for it as well	95
14010684415	Commodore Matthew Perry	an American representative that opened up trade with Japan (due to arriving in a steamboat, something Japan was unaware of)	96
14010684416	Treaty of Kanagawa	the treaty between the United States and Japan opening trade between the two nations	97
14010684417	Meiji Restoration	the restoration of the Emperor Meiji to power in Japan, overthrowing the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868	98
14010684418	Boer War	a war in which Great Britain defeated the Boers of South Africa after the discovery of diamonds and gold	99
14010684419	Muhammad Ali	an Ottoman officer who seized power in Egypt and established a separate Egyptian state	100
14010684420	Suez Canal	a ship canal in northeastern Egypt linking the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea	101
14010684421	ethiopia and liberia	by 1914, which two countries remained independent of European rule in Africa?	102
14010684422	the British	who was more lenient with how their colonies in Africa governed themselves?	103
14010684423	Victor Emmanuel II	the King of Sardinia who eventually became the first king of a united Italy	104
14010684424	William I	the Leader of Prussia who wanted military expansion, and hired Otto von Bismarck to further his goals	105
14010684425	Otto von Bismarck	the German statesman under whose leadership Germany was united (1815-1898) (defeated Austria, formed alliance with Catholic Germans)	106
14010684426	Franco-Prussian War	a war against the French and Prussia that led to the creation of the German States; Prussia won	107
14010684427	William II	the new emperor of Germany that wished to rule alone, forced Bismarck to resign as prime minister, built a huge navy, pursued colonial ambitions in Africa and Asia, and oversaw the rise of Germany	108
14010684428	yes	in Russia, was a vast majority of the population of the citizens serfs (no rights, living an almost slave-like existence)?	109
14010684429	Alexander II	a Russian czar from 1855-1881 who freed the serfs	110
14010684430	Emancipation Edict	the plan created by Alexander II in 1861 that freed the serfs but eventually had negative effects.	111
14010684431	The People's Will	the group that assassinated Alexander II which set the stage for a police state under Alexander III	112
14010684432	russification	the process of forcing Russian culture on all ethnic groups in the Russian empire	113
14010684433	yes	after the 16th century, did the Ottoman Empire begin to decline?	114
14010684434	Britain and France	who feared what the Russians would do if the Ottoman Empire fell?	115
14010684435	Monroe Doctrine	the American policy of discouraging European intervention in the Western Hemisphere	116
14010684436	Roosevelt Corollary	an addition to the Monroe Doctrine asserting America's right to intervene in Latin American affairs articulated by Theodore Roosevelt	117
14010684437	Spanish-American War	conflict between the United States and Spain in 1898 over Cuban independence	118
14010684438	Panama Canal	a ship canal 40 miles long across the Isthmus of Panama built by the United States that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean (1904-1914)	119