Ap world history Chapter 28 Flashcards

13276069234	Archduke Franz Ferdinand	Heir apparent to the Austro-Hungarian throne whose assassination in Sarajevo set in motion the events that started World War I	0
13276069235	Sarajevo	Administrative center of the Bosnian province of Austrian Empire; assassination there of Arch-duke Ferdinand in 1914 started World War I	1
13276069236	Western Front	Front established in World War I; generally along line from Belgium to Switzerland; featured trench warfare and horrendous casualties for all sides in the conflict.	2
13276069237	Gallipoli	Peninsula south of Istanbul. Site of decisive 1915 Turkish victory over Australian and New Zealand forces under British command during World War I.	3
13276069238	Armenian genocide	Assault carried out by mainly Turkish military forces against Armenian population in Anatolia in 1915; over a million Armenians perished and thousands fled to Russia and the Middle East.	4
13276069239	Eastern Front	Most mobile of the fronts established during World War I; after early success,military defeats led to downfall of the tsarist government in Russia	5
13276069240	Adolf Hitler	Nazi leader of fascist Germany from 1933 to 1945; created a strongly centralized state in Germany; eliminated all rivals, launched Germany on aggressive foreign policy leading to world war II; responsible for genocide of European Jews.	6
13276069241	Georges Clemenceau	French prime minister in last years of World War I during Versailles Conference of 1919; pushed for heavy reparations from Germans	7
13276069242	David Lloyd George	Prime minister of Great Britain who headed a coalition government through much of World War I and the turbulent years that followed	8
13276069243	self0determination	Right of people in a region to determine weather to be independent of not.	9
13276069244	League of Nations	International diplomatic and peace organization created in the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I; one of the chief goals of President Woodrow Wilson of the United States in the peace negotiations; the United States was never a member.	10
13276069245	National Congress party	Grew out of regional associations of Western-educated Indians; originally centered in cities of Bombay, Poona, Calcutta, and Madras; became political party in 1885; focus of nationalist movement in India; governed through most of postcolonial period.	11
13276069246	B.G Tilak	believed that nationalism in India should be based on appeals to Hindu religiously; worked to promote the restoration and revival of ancient Hindu traditions; offended Muslims and other religious groups; first populist leaders in Indian nationalist movement.	12
13276069247	Morly-Minto reforms	Provided educated Indians with considerably expanded opportunities to elect and serve on local and all-India legislative councils	13
13276069248	Montagu-Chelmsford reforms	Increased the powers of Indian legislators at the all-India level and placed much of the provincial administration of India under local ministries controlled by legislative bodies with substantial numbers of elected Indias; passed in 1919	14
13276069249	Rowlatt Act	Placed sever restrictions on key Indian civil rights such as freedom of the press; acted to offset the concessions granted under Monteagu-Chelmsford reforms of 1919	15
13276069250	Mohandas Gandhi	((1869-1948) Led sustained all-India campaign for independence from British Empire after World War I; stressed nonviolent but aggressive mass protest.	16
13276069251	satyagraha	literally means "truth force"; strategy of nonviolence protest developed by Mohandas Gandhi and his followers in India; later deployed throughout the colonized world and in the United States	17
13276069252	Lord Cromer	(1841-1917) British proconsul in khedival Egypt from1883 to 1907; pushed for economic reforms that reduced but failed to eliminate the debts of the khedival regime	18
13276069253	effendi	Class of prosperous business and professional urban families in khedival Egypt; as a class generally favored Egyptian independence.	19
13276069254	Dinshawai incident	Clash between British soldiers and Egyptian villagers in 1906; arose over haunting accident along Nile River where wife of prayer leader of mosque was accidentally shot by army officers hunting pigeons; led to Egyptian protest movement	20
13276069255	Ataturk	Also known as Mustafa Kemal; leader of Turkish republic formed in 1923; reformed Turkish nation using Western models	21
13276069256	Hussein	Sherif of Mecca from 1908 to 1917; used British promise of independence to convince Arabs to support British against the Turks in World War I; angered by Britain's failure to keep promise; died 1931	22
13276069257	Mandates	Governments entrusted to European nations in the Middle East in the aftermath of World War I; Britain occupied mandates in Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, and Palestine after 1922	23
13276069258	Zionists	Members of a movement originating in eastern Europe during the 1860s and 1870s that argued that the Jews must return to a Middle Eastern holy land; eventually identified with the settlement of Palestine	24
13276069259	Balfour Declaration	British minister Lord Balfour's promise of support for the establishment of Jewish settlement in Palestine issued in 1917	25
13276069260	Leon Pinsker	(1821-1891) European Zionist who believed that Jewish assimilation into Christian European nations with impossible; argued for return to Middle Eastern Holy Land	26
13276069261	Theodor Herzl	Austrian journalist and Zionist; formed World Zionist Organization in 1897; promoted Jewish migration to Palestine and formation of a Jewish state	27
13276069262	Alfred Dreyfus	(1859-1953) French Jew falsely accused of passing military secrets to the Germans; his mistreatment and exile to Devil's Island provided flash-point for years of bitter debate between the left and right France	28
13276069263	World Zionist Organization	Founded by Theodor Herzl to promote Jewish migration and settlement in Palestine to form a Zionist state	29
13276069264	Wafd party	Egyptian nationalist party that emerged after an Egyptian delegation was refused a hearing at the Versailles treaty negotiations following World War I; led by Sa'd Zaghlul negotiations eventually led to limited Egyptian independence beginning in 1922.	30
13276069265	Sa'd Zaghlul	Leader of Egyptian's nationalist Ward party; their negotiations with British led to limited Egyptian independence in 1922	31
13276069266	Marcus Garvey	African American political leader; had a major impact on emerging African nationalist leaders in 1920s and 1930s	32
13276069267	W.E.B. Du Bois	African American political leader; had major impact on emerging African nationalist leaders in the 1920s and 1930s	33
13276069268	pan-African	Organization that brought together intellectuals and political leaders from areas of Africa and African diaspora before and after World War I	34
13276069269	négritude	Literary movement in Africa; attempted to combat racial stereotypes of African culture; celebrated the beauty of black skin and African nationalist movements	35
13276069270	Léopold Sédar Senghor	(1906-2001) One of the post-World War I writers of the négritude literary movement that urged pride in African values; president of Senegal from 1960 to 1980.	36