AP English Language Terms Flashcards

14776569245	Rhetoric	effective writing or speaking	0
14776570892	rhetorical triangle	A diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text.	1
14776574236	rhetorical appeals	ethos, pathos, logos	2
14776575492	Ethos	Ethical appeal	3
14776579046	Logos	Appeal to logic	4
14776580794	Pathos	Appeal to emotion	5
14776590649	Connotation	All the meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests	6
14776592101	Denotation	The dictionary definition of a word	7
14776595512	Persona	an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting	8
14776595513	Diction	word choice	9
14776596429	Syntax	Sentence structure	10
14776597780	Tone	Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character	11
14776599015	Mood	Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader	12
14776600852	Parallelism	similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses	13
14776602317	Juxtaposition	Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts	14
14776606353	Antithesis	Direct opposite	15
14776730175	Satire	the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.	16
14776730176	argument	argument	17
14776730177	Rogerian Argument	based on the assumption that having a full understanding of an opposing position is essential to responding to it persuasively	18
14776730178	claim	the writer's position on an issue or problem	19
14776730179	claim of fact	asserts that something is true or not true	20
14776730180	claim of value	argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong	21
14776730181	claim of policy	proposes a change	22
14776730182	closed thesis	a statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make	23
14776730183	open thesis	A thesis that does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in an essay.	24
14776730184	counterargument thesis	a summary of the counterargument	25
14776730185	logical fallacy	a mistake in reasoning	26
14776730186	Fallacy of Relevance	The premise is logically irrelevant, or unrelated, to the conclusion	27
14776730187	Red Herring	something that draws attention away from the main issue	28
14776730188	ad hominem fallacy	when speakers attack the person making the argument and not the argument itself	29
14776730189	faulty analogy	an illogical, misleading comparison between two things	30
14776730190	Fallacy of Accuracy	using evidence that is intentionally or unintentionally inaccurate	31
14776730191	straw man fallacy	instead of dealing with the actual issue, it attacks a weaker version of argument	32
14776730192	either/or fallacy	oversimplifying an issue as offering only two choices	33
14776730193	fallacy of insufficiency	not enough evidence	34
14776730194	Hasty Generalization	A fallacy in which a conclusion is not logically justified by sufficient or unbiased evidence.	35
14776730195	circular reasoning	A fallacy in which the argument repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence.	36
14776730196	first-hand evidence	evidence based on something the writer knows	37
14776730197	anecdote	short account of event	38
14776730198	second-hand evidence	Evidence that is accessed through research, reading, and investigation.	39
14776730199	post hoc ergo propter hoc	after this, therefore because of this	40
14776730200	appeal to false authority	occurs when someone who has no expertise to speak on an issue is cited as an authority	41
14776730201	Quantitive evidence	Quantitative evidence includes things that can be measured, cited, counted, or otherwise represented in numbers.	42
14776730202	bandwagon appeal	taps into people's desire to belong	43
14776730203	Induction	factual reasoning	44
14776730204	deduction	reasoning down from principles	45
14776730205	Toulmin Model	An approach to analyzing and constructing arguments created by British philosopher Stephen Toulmin.	46
14776730206	warrant	to justify	47
14776730207	assumption	a belief accepted as true	48
14776730208	Backing	Support or evidence for a claim in an argument	49
14776730209	qualifier	uses words like usually, probably, maybe, in most cases, and most likely to temper the claim, making it less absolute	50
14776730210	reservation	a feeling of doubt about a plan or an idea	51
14776730211	Rebuttal	a refutation or contradiction	52
14776730212	Synthesis	combination	53
14776730213	bias	prejudice	54
14776730214	classical oration	five-part argument structure used by classical rhetoricians	55
14776730215	introduction (exordium)	introduces the reader to the subject under discussion	56
14776730216	narration(narratio)	Provides factual information and background material on the subject at hand or establishes why the subject is a problem that needs addressing.	57
14776730217	confirmation (confirmatio)	Usually the major part of the text, the confirmation includes the proof needed to make the writer's case.	58
14776730218	refutation (refutatio)	addresses the counterargument	59
14776730219	conclusion (peroratio)	brings the essay to a close	60