AP Language & Composition Test Flashcards

13481064140	Imagery	Figurative language that is used to convey a sensory perception (visual, auditory, olfactory)	0
13481071463	Hyperbole	An overstatement or exaggeration Ex: If I'm not home by dark, my parents will crucify me!	1
13481089820	Understatement	Figurative language that presents facts in a way that makes them appear much less significant than they really are Ex: They were escorted to their separate apartments, which were extremely cool and never saw the light of day (Prison cells)	2
13481102388	Simile	A comparison using "like" or "as" Ex: The horse sped like lightning across the finish line	3
13481112631	Metaphor	A comparison without using like or as Ex: The horse was a streak of lighting speeding across the finish line	4
13481118748	Extended Metaphor	A comparison that is developed throughout the course of the work or sentences Ex: Because I could not stop for Death by Emily Dickinson	5
13481136727	Symbol	A word that represents something other than itself Ex: The Christian soldiers paused to remember the lamb (Lamb = Jesus)	6
13481143706	Denotation	A word's primary or literal significance	7
13481147318	Connotation	A word's vast range of meanings based on suggestion	8
13481149652	Oxymoron	When two seemingly contradictory words are paired together Ex: Jumbo Shrimp, Biggie Smalls, Freezer Burn	9
13481154774	Paradox	When two elements which cannot both be true at the same time are paired together Ex: I only know one thing, which is that I know nothing.	10
13481161453	Rhetorical Question	A question whose answer is obvious and don't need to be answered Ex: With all the police brutality in the US, is it any wonder officers have to wear body cams?	11
13481175720	Bombast	language that is overly rhetorical, especially when considered in context	12
13481179118	Pun	A play on words Ex: A chicken farmer's favorite car is a coupe	13
13481189368	Metonymy	When one term is substituted for another term with which it is closely associated Ex: The sailor gazed out over the thrashing blue	14
13481201492	Theme	A general idea contained in a text	15
13481203162	Aphorism	A concise, pithy statement of an opinion or a general truth Ex: Life is short, opportunity is fleeting, reasoning is difficult	16
13481210973	Circumlocution	Talking around a subject or talking around a word Ex: Hey mom and dad. So I've been really good this week, and I know you guys are going out tonight. Also, my friend got his vehicle taken. And I know that I forgot to fill up the tank last week. But I would really like if I could take the car?	17
13481225968	Euphemism	a word or phrase that's used to make an unpleasant idea sound better or more appropriate Ex: Dad, how come my phallic instrument gets hard in the morning?	18
13481230877	Verbal Irony	The process of stating something but meaning the opposite of what is stated Ex: Wow! Great Expectations is such an exciting book!	19
13481243669	Situational Irony	A circumstance that runs contrary to what is expected Ex: I can't wait to get out of the cold West Virginia weather. Snows in Florida, Heat stroke in WV	20
13481251530	Sarcasm	Verbal irony used with the intent to injure Ex: Nice shot! airballed	21
13481254898	Satire	When something is portrayed in a way that's deliberately distorted to achieve a comic effect	22
13496180652	Ad Populum	This fallacy occurs when evidence boils down to "everybody's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do." Ex: Everyone drives a Kia, so you should too	23
13496185184	Argument from Authority	An argument that concludes something is true because a presumed expert or witness has said that it is. Focuses solely on the credentials of the person, ignoring anything about the product itself Ex: Dr. Johnson prescribed me hydrocodone, so it must be good for you	24
13496193386	Ad Hominem	An argument based on the failings of an adversary rather than on the merits of the case; a logical fallacy that involves a personal attack. Ex: You're wrong because you're ugly	25
13496201100	Dogmatism	The tendency to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true, without consideration of evidence or the opinions of others. Ex: The clerk is on #3, while I have #22 and am the only person in the lobby. He proceeds onto #4, #5, etc.	26
13496204326	Equivocation	The use of ambiguous language to conceal the truth or to avoid committing oneself Ex: Does your dog bite? No dog bites him I thought you said it didn't bite! That's not my dog	27
13496215864	Sentimental Appeals	Uses emotion to distract the audience from the facts Ex: Arms of an angel commercials	28
13496219587	Logos	Appeal to logic	29
13496219588	Ethos	Appeal to ethics	30
13496223007	Pathos	Appeal to emotion	31
13496225478	Slippery Slope	a logical fallacy that assumes once an action begins it will lead, undeterred, to an eventual and inevitable conclusion Ex: Eating fast food will cause you to only want to eat fast food, which will ultimately give you heart disease. So, never eat fast food	32
13496228276	Scare Tactics	Using fear to sway people by exaggerating possible dangers well beyond their statistical likelihood Ex: If you don't commit to a 2 year contract, then your monthly rates will soar through the roof!	33
13496230785	Red Herring	A fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion Ex: Global warming is killing the environment! "We can't think about the environment while a war is going on!"	34
13496247584	Straw Man	A fallacy that occurs when a speaker chooses a deliberately poor or oversimplified example in order to ridicule and refute an idea. Ex: Abortion should be legal "Oh so you want to punt babies through field goals?"	35
13496254511	Faulty Analogy	a fallacy that occurs when an analogy compares two things that are not comparable Ex: Hitting that jump is like jumping the grand canyon	36
13496264949	Faulty Casualty	Setting up a cause-effect relationship when none exists Ex: He wore his Harden's when he tore his ACL, so the shoe was the reason he tore it.	37
13496273161	Begging the Question	A fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt. Ex: Everyone wants the new Elmo toy since it's the hottest thing on the market	38
13498817219	Circular Argument	A fallacy that states a conclusion as part of the proof of the argument Ex: The Bible is the word of God because God says it is... in the Bible	39
13498846223	Missing the point	The premises of an argument does support a particular conclusion, but not the conclusion that the arguer actually draws. Ex: The grizzly bear population is dying and needs a new source of food. They should be relocated to Antarctica	40
13498936543	Non Sequitur	A statement that does not follow logically from evidence Ex: Violent crime in the city has increased by 10% this year. We should build more private schools.	41
13498944215	False Dichotomy	Considering only two extremes when there are other possibilities Ex: I need to kill Billy before Billy kills me	42
13498953583	Hasty Generalization	A fallacy in which a conclusion is not logically justified by sufficient or unbiased evidence. Ex: My asian cousin is a bad driver, so all asians are bad drivers	43
13498979680	Non-Testable Hypothesis	Assuming that something is true because it has not been prove false. Ex: If the entire US used renewable energy, global temperatures would decrease by 1 degrees	44
13586110745	Speaker, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, Subject, Tone	SOAPST	45
13592228782	Process Analysis	A method of paragraph or essay development by which a writer explains step by step how something is done or how to do something.	46
13592253834	cause and effect	The reason something happens and the result of it happening.	47