AP Language Summer Vocabulary Flashcards

14878794912	Allusion	A reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art	0
14878805946	Ambiguous	open to more than one interpretation; unclear or doubtful in meaning	1
14878814473	Analogy	A comparison of two different things that are similar in some way	2
14878822518	Anaphora	repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines	3
14878826740	Anecdote	a short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person	4
14878856887	Antimetabole	Repetition of words in reverse order	5
14878864839	Antithesis	the direct opposite, a sharp contrast	6
14878869894	Aphorism	A brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life.	7
14878879359	Appeals	ethos, logos, pathos	8
14878886261	Argument	a statement of the meaning or main point of a literary work	9
14878909471	Asyndeton	omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words	10
14878926586	Chiasmus	a rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form	11
14878934955	Connotation	an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.	12
14878945754	Counterargument	A challenge to a position; an opposing argument	13
14878958340	Deductive Reasoning	reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.)	14
14878962195	Denotation	The dictionary definition of a word	15
14878964890	Diction	A writer's or speaker's choice of words	16
14878971801	Ellipsis	three periods (...) indicating the omission of words in a thought or quotation	17
14878975824	Ethos	the credibility of the speaker; refers to any element of an argument that is meant to appeal to an audience's ethics or ethical responsibilities. A writer utilizes the three appeals in order to convince his audience of his argument.	18
14878994481	Euphemism	An indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant	19
14878998664	Irony	the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.	20
14879007881	Fallacy	(n.) a false notion or belief; an error in thinking	21
14879016210	Inductive Reasoning	A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations.	22
14879019126	Isocolon	Parallel structure in which the parallel elements are similar not only in grammatical structure, but also in length	23
14879030361	Juxtaposition	Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts	24
14879034524	Logos	an appeal based on logic or reason; a literary device that can be described as a statement, sentence, or argument used to convince or persuade the targeted audience by employing reason or logic	25
14879044559	Parallel Structure	repetition of the same pattern of words or phrases within a sentence or passage to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance.	26
14879047867	Paradox	A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.	27
14879053934	Pathos	appeal to emotion, and is a way of convincing an audience of an argument by creating an emotional response; a quality of an experience in life, or a work of art, that stirs up emotions of pity, sympathy, and sorrow. Pathos can be expressed through words, pictures, or even with gestures of the body. ... Pathos is a method of convincing people with an argument drawn out through an emotional response.	28
14879065030	Polysyndeton	the use, for rhetorical effect, of more conjunctions than is necessary or natural	29
14879070992	Repitition	Repeating a word, phrase, or idea for emphasis or rhythmic effect	30
14879075924	Rhetorical Questions	a question asked in order to create a dramatic effect or to make a point rather than to get an answer.	31
14879083082	Rhetorical Situation	a situation in which people's understanding can be changed through messages	32
14879089827	Rhetorical Triangle	A diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text.	33
14879095688	Sarcasm	the use of irony to mock or convey contempt	34
14879099106	Satire	A literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.	35
14879105256	Syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.	36
14879107835	Syntax	The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.	37
14879107877	Synthesis	combining parts into a whole; to combine two or more elements to form a new whole. In the literature review, the "elements" are the findings of the literature you gather and read; the "new whole" is the conclusion you draw from those findings	38
14879119306	Tone	A writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization on the sentence and global levels.	39