AP Vocab Flashcards

14963425987	Rhetoric	Aristotle defined it as "the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion." The art of finding ways of persuading an audience	0
14963425988	Aristotelian Triangle	A diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text.	1
14963425989	SOAPstone	Subject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, Speaker, tone	2
14963425990	Open Thesis	one that does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in an essay	3
14963425991	closed thesis example	A statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make.	4
14963425992	Concession	An acknowledgment that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable.	5
14963425993	Logos	Appeal to logic	6
14963425994	Ethos	Appeal to ethics	7
14963425995	Pathos	Appeal to emotion	8
14963425996	Claim of Fact	Asserts that something is true or not true	9
14963425997	Claim of Policy	proposes a change	10
14963425998	Claim of Value	Argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong	11
14963425999	Inductive Reasoning	Logical process wherein you reason from particulars to universals, using specific cases in order to draw a conclusion, also called generalization	12
14963426000	Deductive reasoning	Logical process wherein you reach a conclusion by starting with a general principle or universal truth and apply it to a specific case.	13
14963426001	Syllogism	A logical structure that uses the major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion	14
14963426002	Diction	A speaker's choice of words.	15
14963426003	Syntax	Arrangement of words into phrases, clauses, and sentences. This includes word order, the length and structure of sentences; and such schemes as parallelism, juxtaposition, antithesis, and antimetabole.	16
14963426004	Denotation	The dictionary definition of a word	17
14963426005	Connotation	Meanings or associations that readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition, or denotation.	18
14963426006	Tone	A speakers attitude toward the subject conveyed by the speaker's stylistic and rhetorical choices.	19
14963426007	Exordium	In classical oration, the introduction to an argument, in which the speaker announces the subject and purpose, and appeals to ethos in order to establish credibility.	20
14963426008	Narratio	In classical oration, the factual and background information, establishing why a subject or problem needs addressing it precede the confirmation, or laying out of evidence to support claims made in the argument	21
14963426009	Confirmatio	In classical oration, this major part of an argument comes between the narration and refutation; it provides the development of proof through evidence that supports the claims made by the speaker	22
14963426010	Refutatio	A denial or the validity of an opposing argument. In order to sound reasonable, it often follows a concession that acknowledges that an opposing argument may be true. One of the stages in classical oration, usually following the confirmation, or proof, and preceding he conclusion, or peroration	23
14963426011	Peroration	In classical oration, the final part of an argument. Follows the refutation and typically appeals to pathos as it moves the audience toward the conclusion	24
14963426012	Ad hominem	Latin for "to the man," this fallacy refers to the specific diversionary tactic of switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker.	25
14963426013	ad populum	This fallacy occurs when evidence boils down to "everybody's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do."	26
14963426014	appeal to false authority	occurs when someone who has no expertise to speak on an issue is cited as an authority	27
14963426015	begging the question	a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt.	28
14963426016	False Dilemma	the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices	29
14963426017	Hasty Generalization	in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence.	30
14963426018	post hoc ergo propter hoc	Latin for "after this therefore because of this." Meaning that it is incorrect to always claim that something is a cause just because it happened earlier	31
14963426019	Straw man	when a speaker chooses a deliberately poor or oversimplified example in order to ridicule and refute an idea	32
14963426020	Red Herring	When a writer raises an irrelevant issue to draw attention away from the real issue	33
14963426021	Compound sentence	A sentence that includes at least two independent clauses	34
14963426022	complex sentence	A sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause	35
14963426023	compound-complex sentence	a sentence having two or more coordinate independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.	36
14963426024	cumulative sentence	sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on	37
14963426025	periodic sentence	sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end	38
14963426026	Metaphor	compares two things without using like or as	39
14963426027	Simile	A comparison using "like" or "as"	40
14963426028	Hyperbole	a deliberate exaggeration or overstatement for emphasis or to produce a comic or ironic effect	41
14963426029	Parallelism	Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses	42
14963426030	Zuegma	Use of two different words in a grammatically similar way that produces different, often incongruous meanings	43
14963426031	Anaphora	the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses	44
14963426032	Asyndeton	omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words	45
14963426033	Polysyndeton	The deliberate use of a series of conjunctions.	46
14963426034	Alliteration	Repetition of the same sound beginning several words or syllables in sequence	47
14963426035	Allusion	brief reference to a person, event, or place (real or fictitious) or to a work of art	48
14963426036	Oxymoron	a paradox made up of two seemingly contradictory words	49
14963426037	Personification	attribution of a lifelike quality to an inanimate object or an idea	50
14963426038	rhetorical question	A question asked merely for effect with no answer expected.	51
14963426039	Onomonopia	The use of words or sounds which resemble the sounds they describe. (ex boom, psst)	52
14963426040	Anecdote	A brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event.	53
14963426041	Synecdoche	the use of the part for the whole	54
14963426042	Paradox	A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.	55