SA AP Language and Composition Terms Flashcards

13984543114	Absolute	a word free from limitations or qualifications like always or never	0
13984543115	Adage	a familiar proverb or wise saying	1
13984543116	Ad hominem argument	argument attacking an individual's character rather than his position	2
13984543117	Allegory	literary works in which characters, objects, or actions represent abstractions	3
13984543119	Allusion	an indirect reference to something literary, mythological, or historical	4
13984543120	Analogy	a comparison of two different things that are similar in some way	5
13984543121	Anaphora	the repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of consecutive lines or sentences	6
13984543122	Anecdote	a brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event	7
13984543123	Antecedent	the word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers	8
13984543124	Antithesis	the opposite of	9
13984543125	Aphorism	a concise statement that expresses succinctly a general truth or idea. Typically rhymes.	10
13984543126	Apostrophe	speaking to an absent or imaginary person or an inanimate object	11
13984543127	Archetype	a detail, image, or character type that occurs frequently in literature and appeals in a universal way	12
13984543128	Argument	a statement of meaning or main point of a literary work	13
13984543130	Pathos	appeal to emotion intended to evoke pity	14
13984543131	Chiasmus	a statement consisting of two parallel parts in which the second part is structurally reversed	15
13984543132	Cliche	an expression that has been overused to the extent that its freshness has worn off	16
13984543229	Climax	the point of highest interest in a literary work	17
13984543133	Colloquialism	informal words or expressions not usually acceptable in formal writing	18
13984543134	Complex sentence	a sentence with one independent and one dependent clause	19
13984543135	Compound sentence	two independent clauses combined with a conjunction	20
13984543136	Conceit	a fanciful, particularly clever extended metaphor	21
13984543137	Concrete detail	details that are measurable and specific	22
13984543138	Connotation	the implied or associative meaning of a word	23
13984543140	Declarative sentence	a sentence that makes a statement or declaration	24
13984543141	Deductive reasoning	reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case	25
13984543142	Denotation	the literal meaning of a word	26
13984543143	Dialect	a variety of speech characterized by its own particular grammar or pronunciation	27
13984543144	Dialogue	conversation between two or more people	28
13984543145	Diction	the word choices made by a writer	29
13984543146	Didactic	having the primary purpose of teaching or instructing	30
13984543147	Dilemma	situation that requires a decision between equally attractive or unattractive alternatives	31
13984543148	Dissonance	two or more things or ideas that just don't belong together	32
13984543150	Ellipses	the omission of a word or phrase that is grammatically necessary but can be deduced from the context	33
13984543151	Epiphany	a moment of sudden revelation or insight	34
13984543154	Epithet	a compound adjective used to point out a characteristic of a person	35
13984543155	Ethos	an appeal to credibility or character or togetherness.	36
13984543156	Eulogy	a formal speech praising a person who has died	37
13984543157	Euphemism	an indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant	38
13984543158	Exclamatory sentence	a sentence expressing strong feeling	39
13984543159	Expletive	an interjection to lend emphasis, sometimes a profanity (cuss words)	40
13984543161	Figurative language	language employing one or more figures of speech	41
13984543162	First Person	A point of view that includes the speaker, i.e. I, me, my, we, us, our, etc	42
13984543163	Genre	a major category or type of literature	43
13984543164	Homily	a sermon, or a moralistic lecture	44
13984543165	Hubris	excessive pride or arrogance	45
13984543166	Hyperbole	intentional exaggeration to create an effect	46
13984543167	Hypothetical question/ Rhetorical question	a question that raises a conjecture, or supposition	47
13984543168	Idiom	an expression in a given language that cannot be understood from the literal meaning of the words	48
13984543169	Imagery	the use of figures of speech to create vivid images that appeal to one of the senses	49
13984543170	Implication	a suggestion an author or speaker makes without stating it directly	50
13984543171	Inductive reasoning	the main point appears at the end	51
13984543172	Inference	a conclusion one draws based on premises or evidence	52
13984543173	Invective	an intensely vehement, highly emotional verbal attack	53
13984543174	Irony	an unexpected and unlikely outcome	54
13984543175	Jargon	the specialized language or vocabulary of a particular group or profession	55
13984543176	Juxtaposition	placing two elements side by side to present a comparison or contrast	56
13984543178	Logos	An appeal to logic	57
13984543180	Maxim	a concise statement, often offering advice; an adage	58
13984543181	Metaphor	a direct comparison of two different things	59
13984543182	Metonymy	taking the part for the whole, but not literally	60
13984543183	Mood	the emotional atmosphere of a work	61
13984543184	Myth	a traditional story presenting supernatural characters and episodes that help explain natural events	62
13984543185	Narrative	a story or narrated account	63
13984543186	Narrator	the one who tells the story	64
13984543187	Non sequitur	an inference that does not follow logically from the premises	65
13984543188	Onomatopoeia	a word formed from the imitation of natural sounds	66
13984543189	Oxymoron	an expression in which two words that contradict each other are joined	67
13984543190	Parable	a simple story that illustrates a moral or religious lesson	68
13984543191	Paradox	an apparently contradictory statement that actually contains some truth	69
13984543192	Parallelism	the use of corresponding grammatical or syntactical forms	70
13984543193	Paraphrase	a restatement of a text in a different form or in different words	71
13984543194	Parody	a humorous imitation of a serious work	72
13984543195	Parenthetical	a comment that interrupts the immediate subject, often to qualify or explain and uses parentheses to do so	73
13984543196	Pathos	an appeal to emotion	74
13984543197	Pedantic	characterized by an excessive display of learning or scholarship coming from a place of assumed authority or superiority	75
13984543198	Personification	endowing non-human objects or creatures with human qualities	76
13984543202	Pun	a play on words achieved through words with similar sounds but different meanings	77
13984543204	Rhetoric	the art of presenting ideas in a clear, effective, and persuasive manner	78
13984543205	Rhetorical Question	a question asked merely for effect and not requiring an answer	79
13984543206	Rhetorical Devices	literary techniques used to heighten the effectiveness of expression	80
13984543207	Sarcasm	harsh, cutting language or tone intended to ridicule	81
13984543208	Satire	the use of humor, exaggeration or derision to emphasize human weaknesses or imperfections	82
13984543209	Scapegoat	a person or group that bears the blame for another	83
13984543211	Setting	the time, place, and environment in which action takes place	84
13984543212	Simile	a comparison of two things using "like" or "as"	85
13984543213	Simple sentence	a sentence consisting of one independent clause	86
13984543216	Syllogism	a three-part deductive argument	87
13984543217	Symbol	an object that is used to represent something else	88
13984543218	Synecdoche	part for the whole, literally "Nice threads"--threads stands in for clothing, and thread is literally part of clothing, so part for the whole, literally.	89
13984543219	Synesthesia	describing one kind of sensation in terms of another	90
13984543220	Syntax	the manner in which words are arranged into sentences	91
13984543221	Tautology	providing useless clarification--dead corpse, male boy, wet water, etc.	92
13984543222	Telegraphic Sentence	A very short sentence, usually no more than four words long	93
13984543223	Theme	a central idea of a work	94
13984543224	Third Person	Point of view not involving the speaker. He, She, her, him, they, etc.	95
13984543225	Tone	the attitude of a writer toward the subject or audience	96
13984543226	Trite	overused and hackneyed, meaning it's become an annoying cliche	97
13984543227	Understatement	a deliberate under-emphasis	98
13984656301	Artifice	deception; trickery	99
13984690066	Stereotype	a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people	100
13984711236	objective	Factual, related to reality or physical objects; not influenced by emotions, unbiased	101
13984719602	Subjective	based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions	102
13984728163	appeal to false authority	This fallacy occurs when someone who has no expertise to speak on an issue is cited as an authority.	103
13984738329	Achaic diction	Old-fashioned or outdated choice of words	104
13984748180	context	The circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text.	105
13984756578	Counterargument	an argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed in another argument.	106
13984777629	Hasty Generalization	A fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence.	107
13984784351	Persona	Greek for "mask." The face or character that a speaker shows to his or her audience.	108
13984789256	qualifier	a word or phrase that clarifies, modifies, or limits the meaning of another word or phrase	109
13984797884	Refutation	The part of an argument wherein a speaker or writer anticipates and counters opposing points of view.	110
13984805207	Syntax	Sentence structure	111
13984813003	Wit	The use of humor, laughter or irony in the confirmation or refutation of an argument.	112
13984829350	Awesome	inspiring awe or admiration or wonder (aka YOU).	113