AP Environmental Science Biomes Flashcards

7784775752	Temperate Deciduous Forest	-Cool Winters, Warm Summers (Seasonal Variation) -Precipitation is relatively evenly spread throughout the year -Deciduous Trees (Oak, Beech) -Europe, China, Eastern North America -Northern Hemisphere -Good Soils	0
7784775753	Temperate Grassland	-Cool Winters, Warm Summers (seasonal variation is more extreme than temperate deciduous forests) -Limited amount of precipitation -Frequent fires (no trees) -Also called prairie or steppe -Northern Hemisphere -North America, Middle East, Europe, Asia -Very fertile soils (used for agriculture)	1
7784775754	Temperate Rainforest	-Cool Winters, Warm Summers (Seasonal Variation) -Large amount of precipitation (Less rain in winters) -Coniferous Trees -Provide lumber and paper -Northern Hemisphere -East coast of North America and Canada -Fertile soils that are susceptible to land slides and erosion if forests are cleared	2
7784775755	Tropical Rainforest	-Warm all year round -Very high amount of precipitation (300-500 mm per month) -Southern Hemisphere -Central America, Africa, South America, Southeast Asia -Great Biodiversity -Poor, thin soils	3
7784775756	Tropical Dry Forest/Tropical Deciduous Forest	-Warm all year round -Extreme wet and dry seasons -Wet summer (October to April) and dry winter (May, June, July, August, September) -Southern Hemisphere -India, Africa, South America, northern Australia -Erosion-prone soils	4
7784775757	Savanna (Tropical Grasslands)	-Slight seasonal variation (warmer in summer) -Extreme wet and dry seasons -Wet Summer (not as wet as tropical dry forest) -Southern Hemisphere -Isolated Trees -Africa, South America, India, Australia -Zebras, Giraffes, Gazelles	5
7784775758	Desert	-Driest Biome -Barely an rainfall -Slight seasonal variation -Saline soils -Little Vegetation -Temperatures drop at night -Northern Hemisphere -Africa, Mexico, Middle East, Asia	6
7784775759	Tundra	-Coldest Biome -Warmer in summers, but still cold (5 degrees celsius) -Freezing in winters (-20 degrees celsius) -Northern Hemisphere -Dry -Slightly wet summers -Soil is permanently frozen (permafrost) -Also occurs as alpine tundra at the tops of mountains -Northern Europe, Northern Canada, Northern Asia, Greenland	7
7784775760	Boreal Forest/Taiga/Coniferous Forest	-Largest Biome -Northern Hemisphere -Coniferous Trees (Pinecones) -Cold. Cooler in summers (never above 20 degrees Celsius) -Moderate Precipitation -More wet in summer than winter -Poor soils -Moose, Wolves, Lynx, Bears -Northern Europe, Canada, Northern Asia	8
7784775761	Chaparral	-Densely thicketed -Highly seasonal -Cool, wet winters and warm, dry summers -Induced by oceanic influences -Northern Hemisphere -California, Chile, Australia -Frequent fires	9
7850275018	Rain shadow effect	An area having relatively little precipitation due to the effect of a topographic barrier, especially a mountain range, that causes the prevailing winds to lose their moisture on the windward side, causing the leeward side to be dry.	10
7850282567	Climate	the weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period	11
7850287308	Weather	The daily conditions of the atmosphere in terms of temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, and moisture.	12
7850297378	biome	large land regions with certain types of climate and dominant plant life	13
7850309634	Equator	Greater biodiversity occurs in this region of the world	14
7850329090	Theodore Roosevelt	Established the first national park in 1872	15
7850337317	Yellowstone National Park	First national park established by Theodore Roosevelt	16
7850340955	John Muir	Influential in establishing national parks such as Yosemite and Sequoia National Park	17
7856826407	El Nino	Warming of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean First, the trade winds near South America weaken. This weakening reduces the amount of water being "pushed west" allowing warm equatorial water from the western Pacific to move eastward toward the west coast of South America. The lack of winds and the movement of warm water and air toward South America suppresses upwelling off the coast of Peru and decreases productivity there, reducing fish populations near the coast.	18
7856827581	La Nina	Cooling of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean First, the trade winds near South America increase. This strengthening increases the amount of water being "pushed west" The increase in winds and the movement of warm water and air toward Asia increases upwelling off the coast of Peru and increases productivity there, increasing fish populations near the coast.	19
7856830913	Upwelling	as the surface currents separate from one another, deeper waters rise and replace the water that has moved away. This upward movement of water brings nutrients from the ocean bottom that supports the large populations of producers, which in turn support large populations of fish.	20
7856832474	Effects of El Nino	Eastern Pacific (South America): Increased rainfall (erosion, mudslides) and heat Increased infectious disease Decrease in fish stock due to upwelling cutoff Western Pacific (Asia/Australia): Drought (fires, loss of crops) Can also increase number of Atlantic hurricanes	21
7856833209	Effects of La Nina	Eastern Pacific (South America): Drought (fires, loss of crops) Western Pacific (Asia/Australia): Increased rainfall (erosion, mudslides) and heat Increased infectious disease Decrease in fish stock due to upwelling cutoff Can also decrease number of Atlantic hurricanes	22