AP English Language and Composition Flashcards

14609061784	ad hominem fallacy	person's character or motive is attacked instead of that person's argument	0
14609063206	ad populum fallacy	widespread occurrence of something is assumed to make it true or right	1
14609065744	Allegory	each aspect of the story has a symbolic meaning outside the tale itself.	2
14609066780	Allusion	reference to something of the common knowledge	3
14609071346	Analogy	comparison between something complex and something simple	4
14609074918	anecdote	a short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person	5
14609077159	anticlimax	a sudden drop in the story	6
14609080221	Appeal to Authority	citation of information from people recognized for their special knowledge of a subject for the purpose of strengthening a speaker or writer's arguments	7
14609081847	Argumentation	exploring a problem by examining all sides of it	8
14609085379	begging the question	a fallacy of logical argument that assumes as true the very thing that one is trying to prove	9
14609085816	cause and effect	something causing another thing to happen	10
14609088212	chronological ordering	arrangement in the order in which things occur	11
14609089043	classification as a means of ordering	arrangement of objects according to class	12
14609091525	colloquial expression	words and phrases used in everyday speech but avoided in formal writing	13
14609092814	damning with faint praise	intentional use of a positive statement that has a negative implication	14
14609093305	deduction	A form of reasoning that begins with a generalization, then applies the generalization to a specific case or cases.	15
14609094170	digression	straying from main point	16
14609095058	ellipsis	Leaving out elements of a sentence	17
14609095794	euphemism	use of a word that is less direct, but that is less distasteful or offensive than another	18
14609099165	expository writing	writing that explains or analyzes	19
14609100740	false dilemma	focusing on one possible negative outcome without consideration of other possibilities	20
14609108348	hyperbole	exaggeration	21
14609109337	Imagery	lively descriptions which impress the images of thing upon the mind; figures of speech	22
14609113980	induction	A form or reasoning which works from a body of facts to the formulation of a generalization; frequently used in science and history.	23
14609115482	inverted syntax	reversing the normal word order of a sentence	24
14609117138	irony	method of humorous or sarcastic expression in which the intended meaning of the words is the opposite of their usual meaning	25
14609124378	litnotes	in rhetoric, a figure in which an affirmative is expressed by a negation of the contrary.	26
14609126069	metaphor	figure of speech comparing two different things	27
14609127496	non sequitur	A statement that does not follow logically from evidence	28
14609128851	order of importance	a method of organizing a paper according to the relative significance of the subtopics	29
14609129244	oxymoron	contradictory terms or ideas are combined; thunderous silence	30
14609145044	parable	short story from which a lesson may be drawn	31
14609145046	parallel syntactic structures	using the same part of speech or syntactic structure in (1) each element of a series, (2) before and after coordinating conjunctions (and, but, yet, or, for, nor), and (3) after each of a pair of correlative conjunctions (not only...but also, neither...nor, both...and, etc.). Below are examples for definitions (1) and (3):Over the hill, through the woods, and to grandmother's house we go. (3) That vegetable is both rich in vitamins and low in calories.	32
14609145045	paradox	seems contradictory but is true	33
14609145047	parody	A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.	34
14609146549	pedantry	a pretentious display of knowledge	35
14609149838	personification	inanimate objects are given human characteristics	36
14609151917	periodic sentence structure	sentence that has the meaning at the end; therefore it cannot be understood until fully read	37
14609157745	persuasion	taking a single position for the purpose of getting others to accept that position; may appeal to emotion or reason	38
14609158729	point of view	the way the story is told	39
14609159951	post hoc fallacy	This fallacy of logic occurs when the writer assumes that an incident that precedes another is the cause of the second incident	40
14609160747	rhetoric	the art of using language effectively and persuasively	41
14609161764	rhetorical question	a question needing no answer	42
14609162414	satire	the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.	43
14609164579	simile	comparison using like or as	44
14609166152	spatial ordering	top bottom left right	45
14609167354	syllogism	A form of reasoning in which two statements are made and a conclusion is drawn from them.	46
14609168557	symbol	something that stands for another thing	47
14609169078	syntax	in grammar, the arrangement of words as elements in a sentence to show their relationships	48
14609169888	tone	the way of wording or expression	49
14609171677	understatement	seeing something as less than it truly is	50