AP English Language Terms Flashcards

14781642162	Rhetoric	effective writing or speaking	0
14781642163	rhetorical triangle	A diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text.	1
14781642164	rhetorical appeals	ethos, pathos, logos	2
14781642165	Ethos	Ethical appeal	3
14781642166	Logos	Appeal to logic	4
14781642167	Pathos	Appeal to emotion	5
14781642168	Connotation	All the meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests	6
14781642169	Denotation	The dictionary definition of a word	7
14781642170	Persona	an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting	8
14781642171	Diction	word choice	9
14781642172	Syntax	Sentence structure	10
14781642173	Tone	Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character	11
14781642174	Mood	Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader	12
14781642175	Parallelism	similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses	13
14781642176	Juxtaposition	Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts	14
14781642177	Antithesis	Direct opposite	15
14781642178	Satire	the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.	16
14781642179	argument	argument	17
14781642180	Rogerian Argument	based on the assumption that having a full understanding of an opposing position is essential to responding to it persuasively	18
14781642181	claim	the writer's position on an issue or problem	19
14781642182	claim of fact	asserts that something is true or not true	20
14781642183	claim of value	argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong	21
14781642184	claim of policy	proposes a change	22
14781642185	closed thesis	a statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make	23
14781642186	open thesis	A thesis that does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in an essay.	24
14781642187	counterargument thesis	a summary of the counterargument	25
14781642188	logical fallacy	a mistake in reasoning	26
14781642189	Fallacy of Relevance	The premise is logically irrelevant, or unrelated, to the conclusion	27
14781642190	Red Herring	something that draws attention away from the main issue	28
14781642191	ad hominem fallacy	when speakers attack the person making the argument and not the argument itself	29
14781642192	faulty analogy	an illogical, misleading comparison between two things	30
14781642193	Fallacy of Accuracy	using evidence that is intentionally or unintentionally inaccurate	31
14781642194	straw man fallacy	instead of dealing with the actual issue, it attacks a weaker version of argument	32
14781642195	either/or fallacy	oversimplifying an issue as offering only two choices	33
14781642196	fallacy of insufficiency	not enough evidence	34
14781642197	Hasty Generalization	A fallacy in which a conclusion is not logically justified by sufficient or unbiased evidence.	35
14781642198	circular reasoning	A fallacy in which the argument repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence.	36
14781642199	first-hand evidence	evidence based on something the writer knows	37
14781642200	anecdote	short account of event	38
14781642201	second-hand evidence	Evidence that is accessed through research, reading, and investigation.	39
14781642202	post hoc ergo propter hoc	after this, therefore because of this	40
14781642203	appeal to false authority	occurs when someone who has no expertise to speak on an issue is cited as an authority	41
14781642204	Quantitive evidence	Quantitative evidence includes things that can be measured, cited, counted, or otherwise represented in numbers.	42
14781642205	bandwagon appeal	taps into people's desire to belong	43
14781642206	Induction	factual reasoning	44
14781642207	deduction	reasoning down from principles	45
14781642208	Toulmin Model	An approach to analyzing and constructing arguments created by British philosopher Stephen Toulmin.	46
14781642209	warrant	to justify	47
14781642210	assumption	a belief accepted as true	48
14781642211	Backing	Support or evidence for a claim in an argument	49
14781642212	qualifier	uses words like usually, probably, maybe, in most cases, and most likely to temper the claim, making it less absolute	50
14781642213	reservation	a feeling of doubt about a plan or an idea	51
14781642214	Rebuttal	a refutation or contradiction	52
14781642215	Synthesis	combination	53
14781642216	bias	prejudice	54
14781642217	classical oration	five-part argument structure used by classical rhetoricians	55
14781642218	introduction (exordium)	introduces the reader to the subject under discussion	56
14781642219	narration(narratio)	Provides factual information and background material on the subject at hand or establishes why the subject is a problem that needs addressing.	57
14781642220	confirmation (confirmatio)	Usually the major part of the text, the confirmation includes the proof needed to make the writer's case.	58
14781642221	refutation (refutatio)	addresses the counterargument	59
14781642222	conclusion (peroratio)	brings the essay to a close	60