AP Language Summer Reading Flashcards

14665250938	argument	A statement put forth and supported by evidence	0
14665250939	defend	to uphold or maintain one's point or claim with supporting evidence	1
14665250940	challenge	an objection or query as to the truth of something, often with an implicit demand for proof.	2
14665250941	qualify	reach a necessary standard; limit the meaning of something stated	3
14665250942	discourse	written or spoken communication or debate	4
14665250943	Rhetoric	the art of using language effectively and persuasively	5
14665250944	rhetorical devices	literary techniques used to heighten the effectiveness of expression	6
14665250945	rhetorical modes	exposition, description, narration, argumentation	7
14665250946	Semantics	The branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relation to one another.	8
14665250947	Style	the choices a writer makes; the combination of distinctive features of a literary work	9
14665250948	Antithesis	the direct opposite, a sharp contrast	10
14665250949	Colloquialism	informal words or expressions not usually acceptable in formal writing	11
14665250950	Juxtaposition	Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts	12
14665250951	Ethos	credibility/trust	13
14665250952	Pathos	emotional appeal	14
14665250953	Logos	Appeal to logic	15
14665250954	Connotation	an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.	16
14665250955	Denotation	the literal meaning of a word	17
14665250956	Diction	the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing.	18
14665250957	Ellipsis	three periods (...) indicating the omission of words in a thought or quotation	19
14665250958	Equivocation	intentionally vague or ambiguous	20
14665250959	Euphemism	An indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant	21
14665250960	Hyperbole	exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.	22
14665250961	malapropism	a word humorously misused	23
14665250962	Mood	Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader	24
14665250963	non sequitur	A statement that does not follow logically from evidence	25
14665250964	pedantic	An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish.	26
14665250965	platitude	stale; overused expression	27
14665250966	Sarcasm	the use of irony to mock or convey contempt	28
14665250967	Syntax	the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language	29
14665250968	Tone	Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character	30
14665250969	transition	a word or phrase that links different ideas	31
14665250970	Understatement	the opposite of exaggeration. It is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended.	32
14665250971	voice	The real or assumed personality used by a writer or speaker.	33
14665250972	Polysyndeton	the use, for rhetorical effect, of more conjunctions than is necessary or natural	34
14665250973	Asyndeton	omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words	35
14665250974	Chiasmus	a rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form	36
14665250975	Anaphora	repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines	37
14665250976	Archetype	a very typical example of a certain person or thing	38
14665250977	Antimetabole	repetition of words, in successive clauses, in reverse grammatical order	39
14665250978	Allegory	a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.	40
14665250979	Alliteration	the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.	41
14665250980	Allusion	A reference to another work of literature, person, or event	42
14665250981	Analogy	A comparison of two different things that are similar in some way	43
14665250982	anecdote	a short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person	44
14665250983	Irony	the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.	45
14665250984	Metaphor	A comparison without using like or as	46
14665250985	Oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.	47
14665250986	Paradox	A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.	48
14665250987	Parallelism	Phrases or sentences of a similar construction/meaning placed side by side, balancing each other	49
14665250988	Parody	A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.	50
14665250989	Pun	a joke exploiting the different possible meanings of a word or the fact that there are words that sound alike but have different meanings.	51
14665250990	Satire	the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.	52
14665250991	Simile	A comparison using "like" or "as"	53